Tahara E
Dept. of Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1989 Jun;16(6):2149-55.
Alteration of oncogene and loss of chromosomal heterozygosity are infrequent in human gastric carcinoma compared with those in other gastrointestinal carcinomas. Amplification of c-erbB-2 gene is observed in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, while sam gene is found in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or scirrhous carcinoma. sam gene, which was isolated from a gastric cancer cell line KATO-III by a DNA renaturation method, encodes tyrosine-specific protein kinase domain. A good correlation evidently exists between the synchronous expression of TGF alpha and ras p21 and biological malignancy of gastric carcinoma. c-myc and c-fos proteins are found not only in tumor cells but also in stromal cells including macrophages and fibroblast around the tumors. The prognosis of patients with c-myc p 62-positive stromal cells is significantly better than that of patient with p 62-negative stromal cells. Coamplification of the hst-1 gene and int-2 is observed in 50% of primary tumors and all metastatic tumors of esophageal carcinoma. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique seems to be useful for the detection of oncogene point mutation in human gastric carcinoma.
与其他胃肠道癌相比，癌基因改变和染色体杂合性缺失在人类胃癌中并不常见。在高分化腺癌中观察到c-erbB-2基因扩增，而在低分化腺癌或硬癌中发现sam基因。通过DNA复性方法从胃癌细胞系KATO-III中分离出的sam基因编码酪氨酸特异性蛋白激酶结构域。TGFα和ras p21的同步表达与胃癌的生物学恶性程度之间显然存在良好的相关性。c-myc和c-fos蛋白不仅存在于肿瘤细胞中，也存在于包括肿瘤周围巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞在内的基质细胞中。c-myc p62阳性基质细胞患者的预后明显优于p62阴性基质细胞患者。在50%的食管癌原发性肿瘤和所有转移性肿瘤中观察到hst-1基因和int-2的共扩增。聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术似乎有助于检测人类胃癌中的癌基因点突变。
