Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Medical School and National Institute of Neuroscience, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Neuron. 2014 Nov 5;84(3):623-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.10.023.
Today we are witnessing a new science of placebo, a complex discipline that encompasses several experimental approaches and translational implications. Modern neurobiological tools have been used to answer important questions in placebo research, such as the top-down modulation of sensory and motor systems as well as the influence of cognition, emotions, and learning on symptoms, diseases, and responses to treatments. What we have learned is that there is not one single placebo effect, but many. This review highlights the translational implications of this new knowledge, ranging from clinical trial design to medical practice to social and ethical issues.
今天，我们见证了安慰剂的新科学，这是一个涵盖了多种实验方法和转化意义的复杂学科。现代神经生物学工具已被用于回答安慰剂研究中的一些重要问题，例如感觉和运动系统的自上而下调节，以及认知、情感和学习对症状、疾病和治疗反应的影响。我们了解到，并不存在单一的安慰剂效应，而是有许多种。这篇综述强调了这一新知识的转化意义，范围从临床试验设计到医疗实践，再到社会和伦理问题。
