Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy Program, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy Program, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Anxiety Disord. 2014 Dec;28(8):925-37. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.022. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent. Symptoms may occur unpredictably (e.g., panic attacks) or predictably in specific situations (e.g., social phobia). Consequently, it may be difficult to assess anxiety and related constructs realistically in the laboratory or by traditional retrospective questionnaires. Experience sampling methods (ESM) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can deepen the understanding of the course of anxiety disorders by frequently assessing symptoms and other variables in the natural environment. We review 34 ESM/EMA studies on adult panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as anxiety disorders in youth. Benefits of ESM/EMA for the study of anxiety disorders include generating insight into the temporal variability of symptoms and into the associations among daily affect, behaviors, and situational cues. Further, ESM/EMA has been successfully combined with ambulatory assessment of physiological variables and with treatment evaluations. We provide suggestions for future research, as well as for clinical applications.
焦虑障碍的患病率很高。症状可能会无规律地出现（例如，惊恐发作），也可能在特定情况下有规律地出现（例如，社交恐惧症）。因此，在实验室或通过传统的回顾性问卷调查来现实地评估焦虑症及相关结构可能具有一定难度。经验采样方法（ESM）和生态瞬时评估（EMA）可以通过频繁评估自然环境中的症状和其他变量，加深对焦虑障碍病程的理解。我们回顾了 34 项关于成人惊恐障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、社交恐惧症、创伤后应激障碍和强迫症以及青少年焦虑障碍的 ESM/EMA 研究。ESM/EMA 对焦虑障碍研究的益处包括深入了解症状的时间变异性，以及了解日常情绪、行为和情境线索之间的关联。此外，ESM/EMA 已经成功地与生理变量的移动评估和治疗评估相结合。我们为未来的研究以及临床应用提供了建议。
