Grayson Ben, Leger Marianne, Piercy Chloe, Adamson Lisa, Harte Michael, Neill Joanna C
Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Behav Brain Res. 2015 May 15;285:176-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.025. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
The novel object recognition test (NOR) test is a two trial cognitive paradigm that assesses recognition memory. Recognition memory is disturbed in a range of human disorders and NOR is widely used in rodents for investigating deficits in a variety of animal models of human conditions where cognition is impaired. It possesses several advantages over more complex tasks that involve lengthy training procedures and/or food or water deprivation. It is quick to administer, non-rewarded, provides data quickly, cost effective and most importantly, ethologically relevant as it relies on the animal's natural preference for novelty. A PubMed search revealed over 900 publications in rats and mice using this task over the past 3 years with 34 reviews in the past 10 years, demonstrating its increasing popularity with neuroscientists. Although it is widely used in many disparate areas of research, no articles have systematically examined this to date, which is the subject of our review. We reveal that NOR may be used to study recognition memory deficits that occur in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, where research is extensive, in Parkinson's disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) where we observed markedly reduced numbers of publications. In addition, we review the use of NOR to study cognitive deficits induced by traumatic brain injury and cancer chemotherapy, not disorders per se, but situations in which cognitive deficits dramatically reduce the quality of life for those affected, see Fig. 1 for a summary. Our review reveals that, in all these animal models, the NOR test is extremely useful for identification of the cognitive deficits observed, their neural basis, and for testing the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents. Our conclusion is that NOR is of considerable value for cognitive researchers of all disciplines and we anticipate that its use will continue to increase due to its versatility and several other advantages, as detailed in this review.
新颖物体识别测试（NOR）是一种双试次认知范式，用于评估识别记忆。识别记忆在一系列人类疾病中会受到干扰，NOR在啮齿动物中被广泛用于研究各种人类认知受损疾病动物模型中的缺陷。与涉及冗长训练程序和/或食物或水剥夺的更复杂任务相比，它具有几个优点。它实施快速、无奖励、能快速提供数据、成本效益高，最重要的是，它与动物行为学相关，因为它依赖于动物对新奇事物的自然偏好。一项PubMed搜索显示，在过去3年中，有超过900篇关于大鼠和小鼠使用该任务的出版物，在过去10年中有34篇综述，这表明它在神经科学家当中越来越受欢迎。尽管它在许多不同的研究领域中被广泛使用，但迄今为止还没有文章对其进行系统研究，这正是我们综述的主题。我们发现NOR可用于研究阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症中出现的识别记忆缺陷，这方面的研究很多；在帕金森病和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中，我们观察到相关出版物数量明显减少。此外，我们综述了NOR用于研究创伤性脑损伤和癌症化疗引起的认知缺陷，这些不是疾病本身，而是认知缺陷会显著降低受影响者生活质量的情况，总结见图1。我们的综述表明，在所有这些动物模型中，NOR测试对于识别观察到的认知缺陷、其神经基础以及测试新型治疗药物的疗效非常有用。我们的结论是，NOR对所有学科的认知研究人员都具有相当大的价值，并且我们预计由于其多功能性和其他几个优点，它的使用将继续增加，如本综述中详细所述。
