Nizard J, Guettrot-Imbert G, Plu-Bureau G, Ciangura C, Jacqueminet S, Leenhardt L, Nedellec S, Gallot V, Vialard F, Quibel T, Huchon C, Costedoat-Chalumeau N
Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm U1150, CNRS UMR 7222, UPMC université Paris 06, Sorbonne universités, 75005 Paris, France.
Service de médecine interne, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2014 Dec;43(10):865-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.09.017. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
To review the available data on maternal chronic diseases and pregnancy losses.
We searched PubMed and the Cochrane library with pregnancy loss, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal demise, intrauterine fetal death, miscarriage and each maternal diseases of this paper.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein, lupus anticoagulant) should be measured in case of miscarriage after 10WG confirmed by ultrasound (grade B) and an antiphospholipid syndrome should be treated by a combination of aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin during a subsequent pregnancy (grade A). We do not recommend testing for genetic thrombophilia in case of first trimester miscarriage (grade B) or stillbirth (grade C). Glycemic control should be a goal before pregnancy for women with pregestational diabetes to limit the risks of pregnancy loss (grade A) with a goal of prepregnancy HbA1c<7%. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidisms should be treated by L-thyroxin during pregnancy to reduce the risks of pregnancy loss (grade A). Women who are positive for TPOAb should have TSH concentrations follow-up during pregnancy and subsequently treated by L-thyroxin if they develop subclinical hypothyroidism (grade B).
Prepregnancy management of most chronic maternal diseases, ideally through prepregnancy multidisciplinary counseling, reduces the risks of pregnancy loss.
