Mead Jennifer, Ashwood Paul
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA; The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA; The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA.
Immunol Lett. 2015 Jan;163(1):49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and increased stereotypical repetitive behaviors. The immune system plays an important role in neurodevelopment, regulating neuronal proliferation, synapse formation and plasticity, as well as removing apoptotic neurons. Immune dysfunction in ASD has been repeatedly described by many research groups across the globe. Symptoms of immune dysfunction in ASD include neuroinflammation, presence of autoantibodies, increased T cell responses, and enhanced innate NK cell and monocyte immune responses. Moreover these responses are frequently associated with more impairment in core ASD features including impaired social interactions, repetitive behaviors and communication. In mouse models replacing immune components in animals that exhibit autistic relevant features leads to improvement in behavior in these animals. Taken together this research suggests that the immune dysfunction often seen in ASD directly affects aspects of neurodevelopment and neurological processes leading to changes in behavior. Discussion of immune abnormalities in ASD will be the focus of this review.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是社交互动、沟通存在缺陷，以及刻板重复行为增加。免疫系统在神经发育中起着重要作用，调节神经元增殖、突触形成和可塑性，以及清除凋亡神经元。全球许多研究团队都反复描述了ASD中的免疫功能障碍。ASD中免疫功能障碍的症状包括神经炎症、自身抗体的存在、T细胞反应增加，以及先天性NK细胞和单核细胞免疫反应增强。此外，这些反应通常与ASD核心特征的更多损害相关，包括社交互动受损、重复行为和沟通障碍。在表现出自闭症相关特征的动物模型中，替换免疫成分会使这些动物的行为得到改善。综上所述，这项研究表明，ASD中常见的免疫功能障碍直接影响神经发育和神经过程的各个方面，从而导致行为改变。ASD中免疫异常的讨论将是本综述的重点。
