McDonnell-Dowling Kate, Kelly John P
Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Behav Brain Res. 2015 Feb 15;279:87-99. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.021. Epub 2014 Nov 15.
The prevalence of drug use during pregnancy has increased in recent years and the amount of drug-exposed babies has therefore increased. In order to assess the risk associated with this there has been an increase in the amount of preclinical studies investigating the effects of prenatal and postnatal drug exposure on the offspring. There are many challenges associated with investigating the developmental and behavioural effects of drugs of abuse in animal models and ensuring that such models are appropriate and clinically relevant. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the variation in the design of preclinical studies investigating the effects of the amphetamine-type stimulants taken during pregnancy and/or lactation in animal models. Methamphetamine, methylendioxymethamphetamine and amphetamine were included in this review. The protocols used for exploring the effects of these drugs when taking during pregnancy and/or lactation were investigated and summarised into maternal experimental variables and offspring experimental variables. Maternal experimental variables include animals used, mating procedures and drug treatment and offspring experimental variables include litter standardisation, cross fostering, weaning and behaviours and parameters assessed. The findings in this paper suggest that there is a large diversity and little consistency among these studies and so the interpretation of these results may not be as clinically relevant as previously thought. For this reason, the importance of steering the preclinical studies in a direction that is most clinically relevant will be an important future recommendation. This will also allow us to be more confident in the results obtained and confident that the human situation is being replicated as closely as possible.
近年来，孕期药物使用的发生率有所上升，因此药物暴露婴儿的数量也有所增加。为了评估与此相关的风险，调查产前和产后药物暴露对后代影响的临床前研究数量有所增加。在动物模型中研究滥用药物的发育和行为影响并确保此类模型合适且与临床相关存在许多挑战。本综述的目的是说明在动物模型中调查孕期和/或哺乳期服用苯丙胺类兴奋剂影响的临床前研究设计的差异。本综述纳入了甲基苯丙胺、亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺。对孕期和/或哺乳期服用这些药物时探索其影响所使用的方案进行了调查，并总结为母体实验变量和后代实验变量。母体实验变量包括所用动物、交配程序和药物治疗，后代实验变量包括窝标准化、交叉寄养、断奶以及评估的行为和参数。本文的研究结果表明，这些研究之间存在很大差异且一致性很小，因此这些结果的解释可能不像以前认为的那样与临床相关。出于这个原因，将临床前研究导向最与临床相关的方向的重要性将是未来的一项重要建议。这也将使我们对所获得的结果更有信心，并确信尽可能紧密地复制了人类情况。
