van Rijn Inge, de Graaf Cees, Smeets Paul A M
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Behav Brain Res. 2015 Feb 15;279:139-47. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.019. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
An important function of eating is ingesting energy. Our objectives were to assess whether oral exposure to caloric and non-caloric stimuli elicits discriminable responses in the brain and to determine in how far these responses are modulated by hunger state and sweetness. Thirty women tasted three stimuli in two motivational states (hunger and satiety) while their brain responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a randomized crossover design. Stimuli were solutions of sucralose (sweet, no energy), maltodextrin (non-sweet, energy) and sucralose+maltodextrin (sweet, energy). We found no main effect of energy content and no interaction between energy content and sweetness. However, there was an interaction between hunger state and energy content in the median cingulate (bilaterally), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula and thalamus. This indicates that the anterior insula and thalamus, areas in which hunger state and taste of a stimulus are integrated, also integrate hunger state with caloric content of a taste stimulus. Furthermore, in the median cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, tasting energy resulted in more activation during satiety compared to hunger. This finding indicates that these areas, which are known to be involved in processes that require approach and avoidance, are also involved in guiding ingestive behavior. In conclusion, our results suggest that energy sensing is a hunger state dependent process, in which the median cingulate, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula and thalamus play a central role by integrating hunger state with stimulus relevance.
进食的一项重要功能是摄取能量。我们的目标是评估口腔接触热量和非热量刺激是否会在大脑中引发可辨别的反应，并确定这些反应在多大程度上受饥饿状态和甜度的调节。30名女性在两种动机状态（饥饿和饱腹）下品尝了三种刺激物，同时通过功能磁共振成像在随机交叉设计中测量她们的大脑反应。刺激物是三氯蔗糖溶液（甜，无能量）、麦芽糊精溶液（不甜，有能量）和三氯蔗糖+麦芽糊精溶液（甜，有能量）。我们发现能量含量没有主效应，能量含量和甜度之间也没有相互作用。然而，在双侧中央扣带回、腹外侧前额叶皮层、前岛叶和丘脑，饥饿状态和能量含量之间存在相互作用。这表明前岛叶和丘脑这两个整合饥饿状态和刺激味道的区域，也将饥饿状态与味觉刺激的热量含量进行整合。此外，在中央扣带回和腹外侧前额叶皮层，与饥饿相比，饱腹时品尝有能量的刺激物会导致更多激活。这一发现表明，这些已知参与需要趋近和回避过程的区域，也参与指导摄食行为。总之，我们的结果表明，能量感知是一个依赖饥饿状态的过程，其中中央扣带回、腹外侧前额叶皮层、前岛叶和丘脑通过将饥饿状态与刺激相关性进行整合而发挥核心作用。
