Malik Amina, Ahmed Maryam, Golnik Karl
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, USA.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014 Oct;62(10):982-4. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.145986.
Optic neuritis (ON) is defined as inflammation of the optic nerve and can have various etiologies. The most common presentation in the US is demyelinating, or "typical" ON, usually associated with multiple sclerosis. This is in contrast to "atypical" causes of ON, which differ in their clinical presentation, management, and prognosis. These atypical cases are characterized by lack of eye pain, exudates, and hemorrhages on exam, very severe, bilateral or progressive visual loss, or with failure to recover vision.
The aim was to describe the clinical presentations of atypical ON and their treatments.
Review article.
Literature review.
Types of atypical ON identified include neuromyelitis optica, autoimmune optic neuropathy, chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, idiopathic recurrent neuroretinitis, and optic neuropathy associated with systemic diseases. Atypical ON usually requires corticosteroid treatment and often will require aggressive immunosuppression.
Unlike demyelinating ON, atypical ON requires treatment to preserve vision.
视神经炎（ON）被定义为视神经的炎症，可有多种病因。在美国，最常见的表现是脱髓鞘性或“典型”视神经炎，通常与多发性硬化症相关。这与“非典型”视神经炎病因形成对比，后者在临床表现、治疗和预后方面有所不同。这些非典型病例的特征是检查时无眼痛、渗出物和出血，视力丧失非常严重、双侧或进行性，或视力未能恢复。
目的是描述非典型视神经炎的临床表现及其治疗方法。
综述文章。
文献综述。
确定的非典型视神经炎类型包括视神经脊髓炎、自身免疫性视神经病变、慢性复发性炎性视神经病变、特发性复发性视网膜炎以及与全身性疾病相关的视神经病变。非典型视神经炎通常需要皮质类固醇治疗，且常常需要积极的免疫抑制治疗。
与脱髓鞘性视神经炎不同，非典型视神经炎需要治疗以保护视力。
