Blažeković Kristina, Pleić Ivana Lepen, Đuras Martina, Gomerčić Tomislav, Mladineo Ivona
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia.
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Parasitol. 2015 Jan;45(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.07.012. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Knowledge concerning cetacean ecology in the Mediterranean is limited but important for sustainable planning and enforcement of appropriate conservation measures. Any information that might help to elucidate their ecology is essential. We explored the population and genetic structures of Anisakis spp. nematodes isolated from four toothed whale species - bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) - stranded along the eastern Adriatic Sea coast (1990-2012) to reveal more information on host ecological patterns. Lower parasite prevalence was observed in resident dolphin species compared with occasionally occurring species, as well as in young compared with adult dolphins, indicating different feeding habits related to age. No unequivocal relationship between the biological traits of a host (age, body length, body mass and blubber depth) and Anisakis population parameters was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a new geographical record of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (1.96%) and Anisakis physeteris (1.31%) in the Adriatic Sea in addition to resident Anisakis pegreffii (96.73%). In an assessment of the Adriatic Sea and oceans worldwide, the genetic structure of Anisakis revealed that A. pegreffii populations do not differ among various final host species but do differ with respect to geographical location in contrast to previously accepted Anisakis panmixia.
关于地中海鲸类生态的知识有限，但对于可持续规划和实施适当的保护措施至关重要。任何有助于阐明其生态的信息都必不可少。我们研究了从亚得里亚海东部海岸搁浅的四种齿鲸——宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）、条纹海豚、里氏海豚和柯氏喙鲸（1990 - 2012年）中分离出的异尖线虫属线虫的种群和遗传结构，以揭示更多关于宿主生态模式的信息。与偶尔出现的海豚物种相比，常驻海豚物种的寄生虫感染率较低，与成年海豚相比，幼豚的感染率也较低，这表明与年龄相关的不同摄食习惯。未观察到宿主的生物学特征（年龄、体长、体重和鲸脂深度）与异尖线虫种群参数之间存在明确关系。系统发育分析揭示了在亚得里亚海除了常驻的佩氏异尖线虫（96.73%）之外，还存在简单异尖线虫（1.96%）和抹香鲸异尖线虫（1.31%）的新地理记录。在对亚得里亚海和全球海洋的评估中，异尖线虫的遗传结构表明，佩氏异尖线虫种群在不同的终末宿主物种之间没有差异，但与之前公认的异尖线虫随机交配不同，它们在地理位置上存在差异。
