Pazzagli Chiara, Laghezza Loredana, Capurso Michele, Sommella Ciro, Lelli Franco, Mazzeschi Claudia
University of Perugia, Italy.
Infant Ment Health J. 2015 Jan-Feb;36(1):62-74. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21483. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
The study aimed to explore the differences in the role of specific personal and interpersonal risk factors in predicting fear of childbirth (FOC) and to examine whether FOC predicts postnatal maternal adaptation in nulliparous and parous women. A prospective correlational design with two time periods (pre- and postnatal) was carried out with 158 women, 85 nulliparous and 73 parous. Women at Week 32 of gestation completed a demographic questionnaire, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (K.Wijma, B. Wijma, & M. Zar, 1998), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, & R.E. Lushene, 1970), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (L.R. Derogatis, 1983), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (G.B. Spanier, 1976), and the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (M. West, A. Sheldon, & L. Reiffer, 1987). Three months after delivery, the women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (J.L. Cox, J.M. Holden, & R. Sagovsky, 1987) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (R. Abidin, 1986). Pearson's correlations and a series of multiple regressions were conducted. The results indicated that in the prenatal period, higher state anxiety, β = .35, p < .001, lower dyadic adjustment, β = -.26, p = .03, and higher insecurity in attachment relationships, β = .39, p < .001, predicted FOC in first-time mothers only. In the postnatal period, FOC predicted postnatal maternal risk for depression, β = .39, p = .02, and parenting stress, β = .42, p = .02, for nulliparous women only. The specific antecedents and consequences of FOC in nulliparous and parous women should be taken into consideration when developing specific interventions.
该研究旨在探讨特定个人和人际风险因素在预测分娩恐惧（FOC）方面的作用差异，并检验FOC是否能预测初产妇和经产妇产后的母亲适应情况。对158名女性（85名初产妇和73名经产妇）进行了一项有两个时间段（产前和产后）的前瞻性相关设计研究。妊娠32周的女性完成了一份人口统计学问卷、Wijma分娩期望问卷（K.Wijma、B.Wijma和M.Zar，1998年）、状态-特质焦虑量表（C.D.Spielberger、R.L.Gorsuch和R.E.Lushene，1970年）、症状自评量表-90修订版（L.R.Derogatis，1983年）、二元调适量表（G.B.Spanier，1976年）以及相互依恋问卷（M.West、A.Sheldon和L.Reiffer，1987年）。分娩三个月后，这些女性完成了爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（J.L.Cox、J.M.Holden和R.Sagovsky，1987年）和育儿压力指数简表（R.Abidin，1986年）。进行了皮尔逊相关性分析和一系列多元回归分析。结果表明，在产前阶段，较高的状态焦虑（β = 0.35，p < 0.001）、较低的二元调适（β = -0.26，p = 0.03）以及较高的依恋关系不安全感（β = 0.39，p < 0.001）仅能预测初产妇的分娩恐惧。在产后阶段，分娩恐惧仅能预测初产妇产后患抑郁症的风险（β = 0.39，p = 0.02）和育儿压力（β = 0.42，p = 0.02）。在制定具体干预措施时，应考虑初产妇和经产妇分娩恐惧的特定前因和后果。
