II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Jan 30;225(1-2):50-57. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.006. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are frequently reported in the general population. Healthy individuals reporting PLEs have a similar personality profile to people with psychosis; however, the mechanisms by which personality influences PLEs are unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that cognitive biases mediate the relationship between two dimensions of personality (i.e. temperament and character) and positive and negative PLEs. Two hundred and ninety-six healthy participants were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences scale, the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Davos Scale for Cognitive Biases. We performed multiple stepwise regression analysis and mediation analysis according to Baron and Kenny׳s method. Harm-avoidance and self-directedness personality dimensions significantly predicted PLEs frequency. High self-transcendence and lower cooperativeness predicted positive PLEs. Cognitive biases were significant mediators in relationships between temperament, character and both positive and negative PLEs. In particular, attention to threat and external attribution biases fully mediate the relationship between cooperativeness and positive PLEs. Other cognitive biases partially mediate the relationships between self-transcendence and positive PLEs and self-directedness, harm-avoidance and negative PLEs. Our study tentatively suggests that personality may influence PLEs via the cognitive bias pathway.
精神病样体验（PLEs）在普通人群中经常被报道。报告 PLEs 的健康个体与精神病患者具有相似的人格特征；然而，人格影响 PLEs 的机制尚不清楚。本研究检验了这样一个假设，即认知偏差中介了人格的两个维度（即气质和性格）与正性和负性 PLEs 之间的关系。我们使用社区心理体验评估量表、气质和性格量表以及达沃斯认知偏差量表对 296 名健康参与者进行了评估。我们根据 Baron 和 Kenny 的方法进行了多次逐步回归分析和中介分析。回避和自我导向人格维度显著预测 PLEs 频率。高自我超越和低合作性预测正性 PLEs。认知偏差是气质、性格与正性和负性 PLEs 之间关系的重要中介。特别是，对威胁的关注和外部归因偏差完全中介了合作性与正性 PLEs 之间的关系。其他认知偏差部分中介了自我超越与正性 PLEs 以及自我导向、回避和负性 PLEs 之间的关系。我们的研究初步表明，人格可能通过认知偏差途径影响 PLEs。
