Arciszewska-Leszczuk Aleksandra, Cechnicki Andrzej, Frydecka Dorota, Kruk Dawid, Gawęda Łukasz
Faculty of Psychology, University SWPS, 81-745 Sopot, Poland.
Department of Community Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-115 Krakow, Poland.
Brain Sci. 2024 Mar 5;14(3):256. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14030256.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether Trail Making Test (TMT) performance is associated with the severity of psychopathological symptoms related to psychosis among young adults with elevated level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and whether this relationship is mediated by cognitive biases and socio-occupational functioning. A total of 187 subjects from a larger population of 6722 young adults participated in this 1-year follow-up study. The inclusion criteria were an elevated level of PLEs (the highest score of the Prodromal Questionnaire) and a lack of schizophrenia diagnosis. Eventually, 134 subjects (71.6%) completed the TMT, as well as the DACOBS scale (cognitive biases), at baseline and were examined twice using the CAARMS (psychopathology) and SOFAS (socio-occupational functioning) scales. In the first (I) and second (II) measurements, the calculated effects indicate indirect-only mediations, which explained 35 and 38% of the variance of the CAARMS. The TMT B execution time was positively associated with the DACOBS scale (β = 0.19, = 0.028), which was negatively related to the SOFAS I (β = -0.37, < 0.001) and SOFAS II (β = -0.20, = 0.016) measurements. A lower score on the SOFAS I predicted a higher score on the CAARMS I (β = -0.50, < 0.001), and a lower SOFAS II predicted a higher score on the CAARMS II (β = -0.61, < 0.001). Subtle EF dysfunctions may, over time, translate into a greater severity of symptoms related to psychosis in people with elevated PLEs, and this is mediated by a deterioration of their metacognition and socio-occupational functioning.
本研究的目的是调查在具有高水平类精神病体验（PLEs）的年轻人中，连线测验（TMT）表现是否与精神病相关的精神病理症状严重程度相关，以及这种关系是否由认知偏差和社会职业功能介导。来自6722名年轻人的更大群体中的187名受试者参与了这项为期1年的随访研究。纳入标准是PLEs水平升高（前驱问卷的最高分）且无精神分裂症诊断。最终，134名受试者（71.6%）在基线时完成了TMT以及DACOBS量表（认知偏差），并使用CAARMS（精神病理学）和SOFAS（社会职业功能）量表进行了两次检查。在第一次（I）和第二次（II）测量中，计算出的效应表明仅存在间接中介作用，这解释了CAARMS方差的35%和38%。TMT B执行时间与DACOBS量表呈正相关（β = 0.19，P = 0.028），而DACOBS量表与SOFAS I（β = -0.37，P < 0.001）和SOFAS II（β = -0.20，P = 0.016）测量呈负相关。SOFAS I得分较低预测CAARMS I得分较高（β = -0.50，P < 0.001），SOFAS II得分较低预测CAARMS II得分较高（β = -0.61，P < 0.001）。随着时间的推移，轻微的执行功能障碍可能会转化为PLEs水平升高的人群中与精神病相关的症状更严重程度增加，而这是由他们的元认知和社会职业功能恶化介导的。
