Pionke-Ubych Renata, Frydecka Dorota, Cechnicki Andrzej, Nelson Barnaby, Gawęda Łukasz
Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 29;12:611069. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.611069. eCollection 2021.
Although self-disturbances (SD) are considered to be a core psychopathological feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there is still insufficient empirical data on the mechanisms underlying these anomalous self-experiences. The aim of the present study was to test a hypothesized model in which cognitive biases and exposure to traumatic life events are related to the frequency of SD which, in turn, contribute to the frequency of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Our sample consisted of 193 Polish young adults from the general population (111 females; 18-35 years of age, M = 25.36, SD = 4.69) who experience frequent PLEs. Participants were interviewed for PLEs, SD and social functioning as well as completed self-reported questionnaires and behavioral tasks that measure cognitive biases (e.g., safety behaviors, attention to threat, external attribution, jumping to conclusion, source monitoring, overperceptualization). The model was tested using path analysis with structural equation modeling. All of the hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and our model fit the data well [χ(23) = 31.201; = 0.118; RMSEA = 0.043 (90% CI = 0.00-0.078), CFI = 0.985, SRMR = 0.041, TLI = 0.976]. The results revealed a significant indirect effect of traumatic life events on PLEs through SD and self-reported cognitive biases. However, performance-based cognitive biases measured with three behavioral tasks were unrelated to SD and PLEs. The frequency of SD explained a substantial part (43.1%) of the variance in PLEs. Further studies with longitudinal designs and clinical samples are required to verify the predictive value of the model.
尽管自我干扰（SD）被认为是精神分裂症谱系障碍的核心精神病理特征，但关于这些异常自我体验背后机制的实证数据仍然不足。本研究的目的是检验一个假设模型，其中认知偏差和创伤性生活事件的暴露与SD的频率相关，而SD的频率又反过来影响类精神病体验（PLE）的频率。我们的样本包括193名来自波兰普通人群的年轻成年人（111名女性；年龄在18 - 35岁之间，M = 25.36，SD = 4.69），他们经常经历PLE。参与者接受了关于PLE、SD和社会功能的访谈，并完成了自我报告问卷和测量认知偏差的行为任务（例如，安全行为、对威胁的关注、外部归因、急于下结论、来源监测、过度感知）。使用结构方程模型的路径分析对该模型进行了检验。所有假设的关系在统计学上均具有显著性，并且我们的模型与数据拟合良好[χ(23) = 31.201； = 0.118；RMSEA = 0.043（90% CI = 0.00 - 0.078），CFI = 0.985，SRMR = 0.041，TLI = 0.976]。结果显示，创伤性生活事件通过SD和自我报告的认知偏差对PLE产生显著的间接影响。然而，通过三项行为任务测量的基于表现的认知偏差与SD和PLE无关。SD的频率解释了PLE变异的很大一部分（43.1%）。需要进一步采用纵向设计和临床样本进行研究，以验证该模型的预测价值。
