Nakayama Yoshitaka, Iida Hidetoshi
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
Cell Calcium. 2014 Dec;56(6):467-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
MscS and MscL, bacterial mechanosensitive channels, play crucial roles in the hypo-osmotic shock response. However, only MscS has homologs in eukaryotes. These homologs are called MscS-like proteins or MSL proteins. MSL proteins have changed both structurally and functionally during evolution and are now localized not only to the membrane of the chloroplast, which is thought to be a descendant of an ancient, free-living bacterium, but also the cell membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, suggesting that the role of MSL proteins has diverged. In this brief review, we mainly focus on two MSL proteins in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that are localized in the ER membrane and protect cells from hypo-osmotic shock-induced death by regulating intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. We also discuss Arabidopsis thaliana MSL proteins and other yeast ion channels in terms of osmoregulation in eukaryotes.
MscS和MscL是细菌机械敏感通道，在低渗休克反应中起关键作用。然而，只有MscS在真核生物中有同源物。这些同源物被称为MscS样蛋白或MSL蛋白。MSL蛋白在进化过程中结构和功能都发生了变化，现在不仅定位于被认为是古老的自由生活细菌后代的叶绿体膜，还定位于细胞膜和内质网（ER）膜，这表明MSL蛋白的作用已经发生了分化。在这篇简短的综述中，我们主要关注裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母中定位于内质网膜并通过调节细胞内Ca(2+)浓度保护细胞免受低渗休克诱导死亡的两种MSL蛋白。我们还从真核生物的渗透调节方面讨论了拟南芥MSL蛋白和其他酵母离子通道。
