Nessler Katarzyna, Krztoń-Królewiecka Anna, Chmielowiec Teresa, Jarczewska Dorota, Windak Adam
Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4, 31-061 Krakow, Poland.
Vaccine. 2014 Dec 12;32(52):7122-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.026. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
Poland is significantly behind other European countries in terms of influenza vaccination coverage. In addition, the vaccination rate among health care personnel in Poland is also very low. The aim of this study was to determine the current barriers to achieving effective influenza vaccination coverage among primary health care (PHC) patients and physicians in Poland and to reveal any associations between the patients' and physicians' characteristics and the influenza vaccination coverage rate among patients.
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed among 18 PHC physicians and 533 their patients in Krakow, Poland and the surrounding region. The data from patients were associated with the doctors' characteristics.
The reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine differed between patients and their physicians. Among the patient population, the main reason behind vaccination non-compliance was the self-perception of good health, while forgetting about the vaccination was the main reason among the physicians. The factors that had the positive influence on the patients' decision to receive the vaccination involved: older age, being a widower, being retired, having a chronic disease, being vaccinated against influenza in the past and awareness of influenza complications. Moreover, those patients who had received sufficient influenza vaccination education from their healthcare provider and had been the patients of physicians who had been vaccinated against influenza, had significantly higher vaccination rates.
Improved patients and doctors education strategies are needed to maximize influenza vaccination coverage rates. Information regarding the need and benefits of the influenza vaccine, along with details on where and when to receive vaccination will provide a positive influence on a patients' decision-making process regarding vaccination compliance. Also, the free of charge influenza vaccinations for all primary health care workers should be considered.
在流感疫苗接种覆盖率方面，波兰明显落后于其他欧洲国家。此外，波兰医护人员的疫苗接种率也很低。本研究的目的是确定波兰初级卫生保健（PHC）患者和医生在实现有效流感疫苗接种覆盖率方面目前存在的障碍，并揭示患者和医生的特征与患者流感疫苗接种覆盖率之间的任何关联。
在波兰克拉科夫及其周边地区，对18名初级卫生保健医生及其533名患者进行了一项基于问卷调查的横断面调查。患者的数据与医生的特征相关联。
患者及其医生未接种流感疫苗的原因有所不同。在患者群体中，不遵守疫苗接种规定的主要原因是自我感觉健康状况良好，而医生方面忘记接种则是主要原因。对患者接种疫苗决定有积极影响的因素包括：年龄较大、丧偶、退休、患有慢性病、过去接种过流感疫苗以及了解流感并发症。此外，那些从医疗服务提供者那里获得了足够流感疫苗接种教育，并且其医生接种过流感疫苗的患者，接种率明显更高。
需要改进患者和医生的教育策略，以最大限度提高流感疫苗接种覆盖率。关于流感疫苗的必要性和益处的信息，以及接种地点和时间的详细信息，将对患者关于疫苗接种依从性的决策过程产生积极影响。此外，应考虑为所有初级卫生保健工作者提供免费流感疫苗接种。
