Grasu Beatrice L, Jones Christopher M, Murphy Michael S
The Curtis National Hand Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, #200 JPB, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
The Curtis National Hand Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, #200 JPB, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Hand Clin. 2015 Feb;31(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
Vascular pathology of the upper extremity requires consideration of constitutional, anatomic, and functional factors. The medical history and physical examination are essential. The Allen test can be performed alongside a handheld Doppler for arterial mapping. Useful studies include digital-brachial index measurements, digital plethysmography, laser Doppler, and color ultrasounds. Three-phase bone scintigraphy still plays a role in the evaluation of vascularity after of frostbite injury. Angiogram remains the gold standard radiographic instrument to evaluate vascular pathology of the upper extremity, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans have an increasing role in diagnosis of vascular pathology.
上肢血管病理学需要考虑体质、解剖和功能因素。病史和体格检查至关重要。艾伦试验可与手持多普勒一起用于动脉造影。有用的检查包括指肱指数测量、指体积描记法、激光多普勒和彩色超声检查。三相骨闪烁扫描在冻伤后血管情况评估中仍发挥作用。血管造影仍然是评估上肢血管病理学的金标准影像学检查手段，但计算机断层扫描和磁共振扫描在血管病理学诊断中的作用日益增加。
