Akazawa K, Makikawa M, Kawamura J, Aoki H
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1989 Jul;36(7):746-53. doi: 10.1109/10.32107.
For developing functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) orthoses, percutaneous implants made of sintered hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a microprocessor-based portable stimulator were devised, and related basic studies were carried out. First, a button-shaped HAp was percutaneously implanted up to 23 months in the skin of dogs, and 30 months in human subjects. The HAp was closely contacted with the skin tissue. Then, button-shaped HAp electrical connectors were percutaneously implanted in the skin of rabbits. Sufficient contractions of the calf muscle were elicited by electrical stimuli delivered to intramuscular electrodes through the connector. These results indicated that the HAp electrical connector could be clinically utilized as an implantable skin interface for FNS. The microprocessor-based stimulator capable of processing control command signals and delivering 16-channels of electrical stimuli was developed. Usefulness of the stimulator was demonstrated by applying it to flexor and extensor muscles of the thumb in a C5 quadriplegic patient.
为了开发功能性神经肌肉刺激（FNS）矫形器，设计了由烧结羟基磷灰石（HAp）制成的经皮植入物和基于微处理器的便携式刺激器，并开展了相关基础研究。首先，将纽扣状HAp经皮植入犬类皮肤长达23个月，在人体受试者中植入长达30个月。HAp与皮肤组织紧密接触。然后，将纽扣状HAp电连接器经皮植入兔子皮肤。通过连接器向肌肉内电极传递电刺激，可引起小腿肌肉充分收缩。这些结果表明，HAp电连接器可作为FNS的可植入皮肤接口用于临床。开发了能够处理控制命令信号并提供16通道电刺激的基于微处理器的刺激器。通过将其应用于一名C5四肢瘫痪患者的拇指屈肌和伸肌，证明了该刺激器的有效性。
