Chiu Yu-Hui, Lai Jiun-I, Wang Shih-Hao, How Chorng-Kuang, Li Li-Hua, Kao Wei-Fong, Yang Chen-Chang, Chen Ray-Jade
Department of Emergency Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
J Chin Med Assoc. 2015 Feb;78(2):108-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
Sports anemia is a widely observed phenomenon after prolonged running. There are various factors that contribute to sports anemia, including hemodilution, exercise-induced oxidative stress, iron deficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, and hemolysis resulting from foot-strike and/or from compression of contracting muscles on capillaries. Until now, there has been no published report that describes the overall hematological, urinary, and fecal consequences in Asian male ultramarathoners after a 100-km (62.5-mile) ultramarathon event.
A total of 25 male runners were recruited into our study. Blood was drawn 1 week before, immediately after, and then 24 hours subsequent to the race. Hematological samples were analyzed for the anemia phenomenon. Additionally, urinary and fecal samples were collected before and after the race for detection of occult blood.
The blood hemoglobin and erythropoietin values of the recruited runners showed a statistically significant rise in the immediate post-race values and a rapid drop in values at 24 hours post-race. Blood concentrations of red blood cells and hematocrit were significantly lower at 24 hours post-race compared with pre-race. The white blood cell count, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and ferritin all showed significant increases both immediately after and 24 hours post-race compared with pre-race hematological values. There were immediate decreases of both haptoglobin and iron, as well as an increase of total iron-binding capacity levels in post-race blood tests. For both urinary and fecal samples, there was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-race results in occult blood.
Running a 100-km ultramarathon will induce substantial sports anemia, and oxidative stress response, hemolysis, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding are typical factors that contribute to its onset.
运动性贫血是长时间跑步后普遍观察到的一种现象。导致运动性贫血的因素多种多样，包括血液稀释、运动诱导的氧化应激、缺铁、胃肠道出血、血尿以及因跑步时脚步撞击和/或收缩肌肉对毛细血管的压迫导致的溶血。到目前为止，尚无已发表的报告描述亚洲男性超马拉松运动员在完成100公里（62.5英里）超马拉松赛事后血液学、尿液和粪便方面的整体影响。
共有25名男性跑步者被纳入我们的研究。在比赛前1周、比赛结束后即刻以及比赛后24小时采集血液。对血液样本进行贫血现象分析。此外，在比赛前后收集尿液和粪便样本以检测潜血。
所招募跑步者的血红蛋白和促红细胞生成素值在赛后即刻出现统计学上的显著升高，而在赛后24小时则迅速下降。与赛前相比，赛后24小时红细胞和血细胞比容的血液浓度显著降低。白细胞计数、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、高敏C反应蛋白和铁蛋白在赛后即刻和赛后24小时均显示与赛前血液学值相比有显著增加。赛后血液检测中触珠蛋白和铁均即刻下降，同时总铁结合力水平升高。对于尿液和粪便样本，赛前和赛后潜血结果存在统计学上的显著差异。
跑完100公里超马拉松会引发严重的运动性贫血，氧化应激反应、溶血、血尿和胃肠道出血是导致其发生的典型因素。
