Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Zoology and Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, UK.
Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Mar;50:41-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.019. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
In his pioneering research on the neural mechanisms of filial imprinting, Gabriel Horn has gone a long way to fulfilling Karl Lashley's dream of finding the 'engram' or memory trace in the brain. Here we review recent research into the engram(s) of song learning in songbirds, particularly zebra finches. When juvenile songbirds learn their songs from a tutor, they form and alter a central representation of the tutor song, known as the 'template'. Secondary auditory regions in the caudal medial pallium are likely to contain the neural substrate for the representation of tutor song, but the roles of the different regions remain to be elucidated. Female zebra finches do not sing, but nevertheless form an auditory memory of their father's song, for which the neural substrate is located in the caudomedial pallium. In males that are learning their songs, there is continual interaction between the secondary auditory regions and sensorimotor regions, similar to the interaction between Broca's and Wernicke's areas in human infants acquiring speech and language.
在对雏鸟印记的神经机制的开创性研究中，加布里埃尔·霍恩（Gabriel Horn）在很大程度上实现了卡尔·拉什利（Karl Lashley）寻找大脑中的“记忆痕迹”或记忆痕迹的梦想。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于鸣禽（尤其是斑马雀）学习歌曲的记忆痕迹的研究。当幼鸟从导师那里学习歌曲时，它们会形成并改变导师歌曲的中央表示，称为“模板”。尾侧中脑皮层的次要听觉区域可能包含导师歌曲表示的神经基质，但不同区域的作用仍有待阐明。雌性斑马雀不会唱歌，但它们会形成对其父亲歌声的听觉记忆，其神经基质位于尾侧中脑皮层。在正在学习歌曲的雄性中，次级听觉区域和感觉运动区域之间存在持续的相互作用，类似于人类婴儿在学习言语和语言时布洛卡区和韦尼克区之间的相互作用。
