Ekström Axel G
Speech, Music and Hearing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 3;13:996894. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996894. eCollection 2022.
Every normally developing human infant solves the difficult problem of mapping their native-language phonology, but the neural mechanisms underpinning this behavior remain poorly understood. Here, motor constellation theory, an integrative neurophonological model, is presented, with the goal of explicating this issue. It is assumed that infants' motor-auditory phonological mapping takes place through infants' orosensory "reaching" for phonological elements observed in the language-specific ambient phonology, reference to kinesthetic feedback from motor systems (e.g., articulators), and auditory feedback from resulting speech and speech-like sounds. Attempts are regulated by basal ganglion-cerebellar speech neural circuitry, and successful attempts at reproduction are enforced through dopaminergic signaling. Early in life, the pace of anatomical development constrains mapping such that complete language-specific phonological mapping is prohibited by infants' undeveloped supralaryngeal vocal tract and undescended larynx; constraints gradually dissolve with age, enabling adult phonology. Where appropriate, reference is made to findings from animal and clinical models. Some implications for future modeling and simulation efforts, as well as clinical settings, are also discussed.
每个正常发育的人类婴儿都能解决将其母语语音进行映射这一难题，但支撑这种行为的神经机制仍知之甚少。在此，提出了运动星座理论，这是一种综合神经语音学模型，旨在阐明这一问题。假设婴儿的运动-听觉语音映射是通过婴儿对口吃感觉的“探索”来实现的，即对在特定语言环境语音中观察到的语音元素进行探索，参考运动系统（如发音器官）的动觉反馈，以及由所产生的语音和类似语音的声音提供的听觉反馈。尝试由基底神经节-小脑语音神经回路调节，而通过多巴胺能信号传导来强化成功的再现尝试。在生命早期，解剖学发育的速度限制了映射，以至于婴儿未发育成熟的喉上声道和未下降的喉头阻碍了完整的特定语言语音映射；随着年龄增长，这些限制逐渐消除，从而形成成人语音。在适当的地方，会参考动物和临床模型的研究结果。还讨论了对未来建模和模拟工作以及临床环境的一些启示。
