Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Feb 15;506-507:338-43. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.102. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
The increasing pressure on drinking water resources necessitates an efficient management of potential and actual drinking water resources. Karst aquifers play a key role in the supply of the world's population with drinking water. Around one quarter of all drinking water is produced from these types of aquifers. Unfortunately due to the aquifer characteristics with extremely high hydraulic conductivities and short residence times, these systems are vulnerable to contamination. For successful management, a fundamental understanding of mass transport and attenuation processes with respect to potential contaminants is vital. In this study, a multitracer experiment was performed in a karst aquifer in SW-Germany for determining the attenuation capacity of a karst environment by assessing the environmental fate of selected relevant micropollutants. Uranine, acesulfame and carbamazepine were injected into a sinkhole as reference tracers together with the reactive compounds atenolol, caffeine, cyclamate, ibuprofen and paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen). The breakthrough of the tracers was monitored at a karst spring at a distance of ca. 3 km. The breakthrough curves of the reactive compounds were interpreted relative to the reference substances. No significant retardation was found for any of the investigated micropollutants. The determined half-lives of the reactive compounds range from 38 to 1,400 h (i.e. persistent within the investigation period) in the following order (from high to no observed attenuation): paracetamol>atenolol≈ibuprofen>caffeine≫cyclamate. The attenuation rates are generally in agreement with studies from other environmental compartments. The occurrence of the biotransformation product atenolol acid served as evidence for in-situ biodegradation within the aquifer system.
饮用水资源的压力不断增加，这就需要对潜在和实际的饮用水资源进行有效的管理。岩溶含水层在为世界人口提供饮用水方面起着关键作用。全世界约有四分之一的饮用水是从这些类型的含水层中获得的。不幸的是，由于含水层具有极高的水力传导率和极短的停留时间，这些系统很容易受到污染。为了成功管理，必须从根本上了解潜在污染物的质量迁移和衰减过程。在这项研究中，在德国西南部的一个岩溶含水层中进行了一项多示踪剂实验，通过评估选定相关微污染物的环境归宿，来确定岩溶环境的衰减能力。将尿嘧啶、乙酰磺胺酸钾和卡马西平作为示踪剂注入一个落水洞，同时注入反应性化合物阿替洛尔、咖啡因、环已胺、布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚（也称为扑热息痛）。在距离约 3 公里的岩溶泉监测示踪剂的突破。根据参考物质解释反应性化合物的突破曲线。没有发现任何被调查的微污染物有明显的延迟。在所研究的反应性化合物中，半衰期范围从 38 到 1400 小时（即在调查期间内持久），按以下顺序（从高到无观察到的衰减）：对乙酰氨基酚>阿替洛尔≈布洛芬>咖啡因>环已胺。衰减率通常与来自其他环境区室的研究一致。阿替洛尔酸的生物转化产物的出现证明了含水层系统内的原位生物降解。
