Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria.
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, South Korea; Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
Biotechnol Adv. 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):165-177. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.004. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
Among four basic mechanisms for biological hydrogen (H2) production, dark fermentation has been considered to show the highest hydrogen evolution rate (HER). H2 production from one-carbon (C1) compounds such as formate and carbon monoxide (CO) is promising because formate is an efficient H2 carrier, and the utilization of CO-containing syngas or industrial waste gas may render the industrial biohydrogen production process cost-effective. A variety of microbes with the formate hydrogen lyase (FHL) system have been identified from phylogenetically diverse groups of archaea and bacteria, and numerous efforts have been undertaken to improve the HER for formate through strain optimization and bioprocess development. CO-dependent H2 production has been investigated to enhance the H2 productivity of various carboxydotrophs via an increase in CO gas-liquid mass transfer rates and the construction of genetically modified strains. Hydrogenogenic CO-conversion has been applied to syngas and by-product gas of the steel-mill process, and this low-cost feedstock has shown to be promising in the production of biomass and H2. Here, we focus on recent advances in the isolation of novel phylogenetic groups utilizing formate or CO, the remarkable genetic engineering that enhances H2 productivity, and the practical implementation of H2 production from C1 substrates.
在生物制氢的四种基本机制中，暗发酵被认为具有最高的产氢率（HER）。利用一碳（C1）化合物（如甲酸盐和一氧化碳（CO））来生产氢气具有广阔的前景，因为甲酸盐是一种高效的氢气载体，而利用含 CO 的合成气或工业废气可以使工业生物制氢过程具有成本效益。已经从具有不同系统发育的古菌和细菌群中鉴定出了具有甲酸盐氢裂解酶（FHL）系统的多种微生物，并且已经进行了大量的努力来通过菌株优化和生物工艺开发来提高甲酸盐的 HER。已经研究了 CO 依赖性 H2 生产，以通过增加 CO 气液传质速率和构建遗传修饰的菌株来提高各种羧化菌的 H2 生产力。产氢 CO 转化已应用于合成气和钢厂工艺的副产气，这种低成本原料在生物质和 H2 的生产中显示出广阔的前景。在这里，我们重点介绍了利用甲酸盐或 CO 分离新型系统发育群、显著提高 H2 生产力的遗传工程以及从 C1 底物生产 H2 的实际实施的最新进展。
