Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Bio-Regulatory Chemistry Lab, Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
Bio-Regulatory Chemistry Lab, Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Nov;38(3):948-58. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.013. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
In the present investigation, the toxicity of most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment namely clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) was investigated in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala. Fingerlings of C. mrigala were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100μgL(-1)) of CA and DCF for a period of 96h (short term) and 35 days (long term). The toxic effects of CA and DCF on thyroid hormones (THs) such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were evaluated. During the short and long-term exposure period TSH level was found to be decreased at all concentrations of CA (except at the end of 14(th) day in 1 and 10μgL(-l) and 21(st) day in 1μgL(-l)) whereas in DCF exposed fish TSH level was found to be increased when compared to control groups. T4 level was found to be decreased at 1 and 100μgL(-l) of CA exposure at the end of 96h. However, T4 level was decreased at all concentrations of CA and DCF during long-term (35 days) exposure period. Fish exposed to all concentrations of CA and DCF had lower level of T3 in both the treatments. These results suggest that both CA and DCF drugs induced significant changes (P<0.01 and P<0.05) on thyroid hormonal levels of C. mrigala. The alterations of these hormonal levels can be used as potential biomarkers in monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic organisms.
在本研究中，我们研究了在水生环境中最常见的两种药物，即氯芬酸（CA）和双氯芬酸（DCF）对印度主要鲤鱼圆口铜鱼的毒性。将圆口铜鱼鱼苗暴露于不同浓度（1、10 和 100μg/L）的 CA 和 DCF 中 96 小时（短期）和 35 天（长期）。评估了 CA 和 DCF 对甲状腺激素（THs）如促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺素（T4）和三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）水平的毒性作用。在短期和长期暴露期间，除了在 1 和 10μg/L 的第 14 天和 1μg/L 的第 21 天外，所有 CA 浓度（1、10 和 100μg/L）下 TSH 水平均发现降低，而在暴露于 DCF 的鱼类中，与对照组相比，TSH 水平增加。在 96 小时结束时，CA 暴露于 1 和 100μg/L 时 T4 水平降低。然而，在长期（35 天）暴露期间，所有 CA 和 DCF 浓度下 T4 水平均降低。暴露于 CA 和 DCF 的所有浓度的鱼在两种处理中 T3 水平均较低。这些结果表明，CA 和 DCF 药物均对圆口铜鱼的甲状腺激素水平产生了显著变化（P<0.01 和 P<0.05）。这些激素水平的变化可作为监测水生生物中药物的潜在生物标志物。
