Singh Bhishampal, Cree Andrew
The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Rd and Hainsworth St, Westmead, Sydney, N.S.W, Australia.
Westmead Specialist Centre, Suite 5, 16-18 Mons Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Spine J. 2015 Feb 1;15(2):e17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Instability of the atlantoaxial spine is a recognized problem in children. Safe passage of pedicle screws at C2 poses challenges because of the proximity to the vertebral artery, size of the pedicles, and variations in the location of the foramen transversarium. PURPOSE: The C2 translaminar technique is a useful option and its stability is comparable to that offered by C2 pedicle screws. In this follow-up from our previously published study, we wanted to verify the safety and suitability of the C2 laminar screw in the treatment of cervical instability in the pediatric population. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: We present a case series of eight pediatric patients who underwent laminar screw fixation of the axis as part of their operative procedure. PATIENT SAMPLE: There were five girls and three boys, with a mean age of 7 years (range 2-17 years) who underwent this procedure. Surgical indications included atlantoaxial instability, atlanto-occipital disassociation, multilevel cervical instability, and high cervical stenosis. Seven patients had underlying dysplastic syndromes. OUTCOME MEASURES: We studied the technical feasibility of passing laminar screws at C2 in eight consecutive patients, paying attention to screw length and diameter, vascular or neurologic complications, and stability of fixation. METHODS: This retrospective study was funded by our institution and there was no potential conflict of interest. All patients were placed prone. The posterior aspect of the cervical spine and craniocervical junction were exposed subperiosteally. We report our modification of the Wright technique, which allowed us to safely pass 3.5-mm screws into both laminae of the second cervical vertebra. RESULTS: A total of 15 laminar screws were passed at C2. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean 8 months). There were no vascular or neurologic complications, no infection, and no instances of hardware failure either by lamina fracture or screw pullout. All patients maintained stable constructs on imaging studies at the last follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSION: Children as young as 2 years can undergo safe and rigid fixation of the axis. The technique is especially valuable in patients with dysplastic bone and distorted anatomy where more traditional methods of C2 fixation cannot be safely used. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported series of C2 laminar screw fixation in a pediatric population.
背景:寰枢椎不稳在儿童中是一个公认的问题。由于C2椎弓根靠近椎动脉、椎弓根尺寸以及横突孔位置的变异,C2椎弓根螺钉的安全置入具有挑战性。 目的:C2经椎板技术是一种有用的选择,其稳定性与C2椎弓根螺钉相当。在我们之前发表的研究的本次随访中,我们想验证C2椎板螺钉治疗儿童颈椎不稳的安全性和适用性。 研究设计/地点:我们展示了一组8例接受枢椎椎板螺钉固定手术的儿科患者的病例系列。 患者样本:有5名女孩和3名男孩,平均年龄7岁(范围2 - 17岁)接受了该手术。手术指征包括寰枢椎不稳、寰枕关节脱位、多节段颈椎不稳和高位颈椎狭窄。7名患者有潜在的发育异常综合征。 观察指标:我们研究了连续8例患者C2椎板螺钉置入的技术可行性,关注螺钉长度和直径、血管或神经并发症以及固定稳定性。 方法:这项回顾性研究由我们的机构资助,不存在潜在利益冲突。所有患者均取俯卧位。颈椎和颅颈交界区的后方经骨膜下暴露。我们报告了对赖特技术的改良,这使我们能够安全地将3.5毫米螺钉置入第二颈椎的双侧椎板。 结果:共在C2置入15枚椎板螺钉。随访期为1至24个月(平均8个月)。没有血管或神经并发症,没有感染,也没有因椎板骨折或螺钉拔出导致的内固定失败情况。在最后一次随访评估的影像学检查中,所有患者的固定结构保持稳定。 结论:年仅2岁的儿童也可接受枢椎的安全且坚固的固定。该技术在骨骼发育异常和解剖结构变形、无法安全使用更传统的C2固定方法的患者中尤其有价值。据我们所知,这是报道的儿科人群中最大的C2椎板螺钉固定系列。
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