Romo L, Rémond J J, Coeffec A, Kotbagi G, Plantey S, Boz F, Kern L
EA CLIPSYD 44 30, UFR SPSE, Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense University, 200 avenue de la république, 92001, Nanterre Cedex, France.
Sport and Movement Research Center, CeRSM (EA 2931 CERSM), UFR SPSE, Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense University, 200 avenue de la république, 92001, Nanterre Cedex, France.
J Gambl Stud. 2015 Dec;31(4):1261-72. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9515-9.
Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADD/ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can be exacerbated by psychosocial factors. Various studies confirm that the severity of a psychiatric disorder, particularly when it comes to ADHD, is strongly correlated with the amount of use. This study (1) evaluated the association between ADHD and gambling among young students; (2) determined which symptom among ADHD's three symptoms (attention deficit, hyperactivity, or impulsivity) had the strongest association with video game addiction and gambling; and (3) determined the impact of the association between ADHD and video game addiction and gambling on self-esteem and academic performance of students. A total of 720 students (445 males and 274 females) were recruited from eight higher educational institutions of Ile de France. They all completed a battery of questionnaire consisting of Canadian Problem Gambling Index, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Rosenberg scales, and socio-demographic data. 13.33% of the participants had symptoms of ADHD during childhood (WURS scale score) and 40.41% of them have symptoms of ADHD in adulthood (ASRS score). Finally, among the participants, 37.5% had excessive gambling addiction, have positive results on WURS and ASRS scales, thus having a probable ADHD, whereas 14.55% had no gambling addiction. The results demonstrated that adult ADHD was associated with gambling addiction. Significant associations were observed between ADHD and impulsivity, academic difficulties and gambling addiction. The association between ADHD and gambling seems to be common among vulnerable populations such as adolescents and could be related to variables such as self-esteem, which appears to potentially worsen the prognosis. Further research on this relationship is needed to optimize prevention strategies and effective treatment.
注意缺陷障碍伴或不伴多动（ADD/ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，社会心理因素可能会使其加重。多项研究证实，精神障碍的严重程度，尤其是ADHD，与使用量密切相关。本研究（1）评估了年轻学生中ADHD与赌博之间的关联；（2）确定ADHD的三种症状（注意力缺陷、多动或冲动）中哪一种与电子游戏成瘾和赌博的关联最强；（3）确定ADHD与电子游戏成瘾和赌博之间的关联对学生自尊和学业成绩的影响。从法国岛的八所高等教育机构招募了720名学生（445名男性和274名女性）。他们都完成了一系列问卷，包括加拿大问题赌博指数、UPPS冲动行为量表、温德犹他评定量表（WURS）、成人ADHD自我报告量表（ASRS）和罗森伯格量表，以及社会人口统计学数据。13.33%的参与者在童年时期有ADHD症状（WURS量表得分），40.41%的参与者在成年期有ADHD症状（ASRS得分）。最后，在参与者中，37.5%有过度赌博成瘾，WURS和ASRS量表呈阳性结果，因此可能患有ADHD，而14.55%没有赌博成瘾。结果表明，成人ADHD与赌博成瘾有关。ADHD与冲动、学业困难和赌博成瘾之间存在显著关联。ADHD与赌博之间的关联在青少年等弱势群体中似乎很常见，可能与自尊等变量有关，自尊似乎可能会使预后恶化。需要对这种关系进行进一步研究，以优化预防策略和有效治疗。
