Conidi Frank
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014 Dec;20(6 Sports Neurology):1645-56. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000458969.48271.1f.
This article reviews some of the unusual sports-related neurologic disorders within the new and rapidly growing field of sports neurology that neurologists may encounter.
Surfer's myelopathy is a potentially tragic disorder predominantly affecting novice surfers, leaving many who are affected by this condition with permanent paralysis. Neck-tongue syndrome is a rare primary headache disorder that can occur in athletes and nonathletes, and consists of paroxysmal neck and occipital pain and transient ipsilateral tongue numbness, triggered by sudden rotation of the neck. Athletes are also at risk for cervical arterial dissections, with golfers especially prone to vertebral rather than carotid dissections. Finally, "the yips" likely represents a form of occupational dystonia described in golfers.
The syndromes described in this article range from relatively minor syndromes that cause discomfort or abnormal movement to potentially devastating cerebrovascular or myelopathic syndromes. Although the disorders described in this article are not common, they can affect individuals involved in sports at all levels, from the novice to the elite athlete, and may present to any neurologist. Neurologists should be aware of the potential for these syndromes to occur as a consequence of athletic activities in order to provide the most appropriate diagnosis, management, and counseling.
本文综述了神经科医生可能会遇到的、在新兴且快速发展的运动神经学领域内一些不常见的与运动相关的神经障碍。
冲浪者脊髓病是一种潜在的悲剧性疾病，主要影响新手冲浪者，许多患者会因此留下永久性瘫痪。颈舌综合征是一种罕见的原发性头痛疾病，可发生于运动员和非运动员，表现为阵发性颈部和枕部疼痛以及同侧舌部短暂麻木，由颈部突然旋转引发。运动员也有发生颈动脉夹层的风险，高尔夫球手尤其容易发生椎动脉而非颈动脉夹层。最后，“抽搐”可能是高尔夫球手所患职业性肌张力障碍的一种形式。
本文所述综合征范围从引起不适或异常运动的相对轻微的综合征到潜在的毁灭性脑血管或脊髓疾病综合征。尽管本文所述疾病并不常见，但它们可影响各级参与运动的个体，从新手到精英运动员，且可能会就诊于任何神经科医生。神经科医生应意识到这些综合征因体育活动而发生的可能性，以便提供最恰当的诊断、管理和咨询。
