Schets F M, van den Berg H H J L, Baan R, Lynch G, de Roda Husman A M
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands E-mail:
J Water Health. 2014 Dec;12(4):772-81. doi: 10.2166/wh.2014.066.
Swimming pool-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections mainly result in folliculitis and otitis externa. P. aeruginosa forms biofilms on surfaces in the swimming pool environment. The presence of P. aeruginosa on inflatables and foam teaching aids in 24 public swimming pools in the Netherlands was studied. Samples (n = 230) were taken from 175 objects and analysed for P. aeruginosa by culture. Isolated P. aeruginosa were tested for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion. P. aeruginosa was detected in 63 samples (27%), from 47 objects (27%) in 19 (79%) swimming pools. More vinyl-canvas objects (44%) than foam objects (20%) were contaminated, as were wet objects (43%) compared to dry objects (13%). Concentrations were variable, and on average higher on vinyl-canvas than on foam objects. Forty of 193 (21%) P. aeruginosa isolates from 11 different objects were (intermediate) resistant to one or more of 12 clinically relevant antibiotics, mostly to imipenem and aztreonam. The immediate risk of a P. aeruginosa infection from exposure to swimming pool objects seems limited, but the presence of P. aeruginosa on pool objects is unwanted and requires attention of pool managers and responsible authorities. Strict drying and cleaning policies are needed for infrequently used vinyl-canvas objects.
与游泳池相关的铜绿假单胞菌感染主要导致毛囊炎和外耳道炎。铜绿假单胞菌会在游泳池环境中的物体表面形成生物膜。研究了荷兰24个公共游泳池中充气玩具和泡沫教具上铜绿假单胞菌的存在情况。从175个物体上采集了样本(n = 230),并通过培养分析其中的铜绿假单胞菌。对分离出的铜绿假单胞菌进行纸片扩散法抗生素耐药性检测。在63个样本(27%)中检测到了铜绿假单胞菌,这些样本来自19个(79%)游泳池中的47个物体(27%)。与泡沫物体(20%)相比,乙烯基帆布物体受污染的比例更高(44%),潮湿物体(43%)也比干燥物体(13%)受污染的比例更高。浓度各不相同,乙烯基帆布物体上的平均浓度高于泡沫物体。从11种不同物体上分离出的193株铜绿假单胞菌中有40株(21%)对12种临床相关抗生素中的一种或多种具有(中度)耐药性,主要是对亚胺培南和氨曲南。接触游泳池物体而感染铜绿假单胞菌的直接风险似乎有限,但游泳池物体上存在铜绿假单胞菌是不理想的,需要引起泳池管理人员和相关部门的注意。对于不常用的乙烯基帆布物体,需要严格的干燥和清洁政策。