Zhang Hanyao, Richards Keith D, Wilson Sandra, Lee Soon A, Sheehan Hester, Roncoroni Miguel, Gardner Richard C
Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650224, PR China.
Wine Science Programme, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
Food Microbiol. 2015 Apr;46:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.016. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
We present a genetic characterization of 65 isolates of Saccharomyces uvarum isolated from wineries in New Zealand, along with the complete nucleotide sequence of a single sulfite-tolerant isolate. The genome of the New Zealand isolate averaged 99.85% nucleotide identity to CBS7001, the previously sequenced strain of S. uvarum. However, three genomic segments (37-87 kb) showed 10% nucleotide divergence from CBS7001 but 99% identity to Saccharomyces eubayanus. We conclude that these three segments appear to have been introgressed from that species. The nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from other New Zealand isolates were also very similar to that of CBS7001, and hybrids showed complete genetic compatibility for some strains, with tetrads giving four viable progeny that showed 2:2 segregations of marker genes. Some strains showed high tolerance to sulfite, with genetic analysis indicating linkage of this trait to the transcription factor FZF1, but not to SSU1, the sulfite efflux pump that it regulates in order to confer sulfite tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermentation characteristics of selected strains of S. uvarum showed exceptionally good cold fermentation characteristics, superior to the best commercially available strains of S. cerevisiae.
我们展示了从新西兰葡萄酒厂分离出的65株葡萄汁酵母菌株的遗传特征，以及一株耐亚硫酸盐菌株的完整核苷酸序列。新西兰分离株的基因组与之前测序的葡萄汁酵母菌株CBS7001的核苷酸同一性平均为99.85%。然而，三个基因组片段（37 - 87 kb）与CBS7001的核苷酸差异为10%，但与真贝酵母的同一性为99%。我们得出结论，这三个片段似乎是从该物种渗入的。其他新西兰分离株的内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域的核苷酸序列也与CBS7001非常相似，并且杂交显示某些菌株具有完全的遗传相容性，四分体产生四个可存活的后代，显示出标记基因的2:2分离。一些菌株对亚硫酸盐具有高耐受性，遗传分析表明该性状与转录因子FZF1连锁，但与酿酒酵母中为赋予亚硫酸盐耐受性而调节的亚硫酸盐外排泵SSU1无关。所选葡萄汁酵母菌株的发酵特性显示出异常良好的低温发酵特性，优于市售最好的酿酒酵母菌株。
