Torriani S, Zapparoli G, Suzzi G
Istituto di Industrie Agrarie, Università di Catania, Italy.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1999 Apr;75(3):207-15. doi: 10.1023/a:1001773916407.
Individual yeast strains belonging to the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex were isolated from Amarone wine produced in four cellars of the Valpolicella area (Italy) and characterized by conventional physiological tests and by RAPD-PCR and mtDNA restriction assays. Thirteen out of 20 strains were classified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ex S. cerevisiae p.r. cerevisiae and p.r. bayanus) and the remaining as Saccharomyces bayanus (ex S. cerevisiae p.r. uvarum). RAPD-PCR method proved to be a fast and reliable tool for identification of Saccharomyces sensu stricto strains and also gave intraspecific differentiation. Restriction analysis of mtDNA permitted to distinguish S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus species and to discern polymorphism among S. cerevisiae isolates. The assessment of the phenotypic diversity within the isolates by gas-chromatographic analysis of secondary fermentation products was explored. Small quantities of isobutanol were produced by most of the strains and higher amounts by some S. cerevisiae strains with phenotypes Gal- and Mel-; all S. bayanus strains produced low amounts of amilyc alcohols. From this study it appears that each winery owns particular strains, with different genetic and biochemical characteristics, selected by specific environmental pressures during the Amarone winemaking process carried out at low temperature in presence of high sugar content.
从意大利瓦尔波利切拉地区四个酒窖生产的阿玛罗尼葡萄酒中分离出属于狭义酿酒酵母复合体的单个酵母菌株，并通过常规生理测试、随机扩增多态性DNA聚合酶链式反应（RAPD-PCR）和线粒体DNA（mtDNA）限制性分析进行表征。20个菌株中有13个被归类为酿酒酵母（原酿酒酵母、原巴氏酵母），其余的为巴氏酵母（原葡萄汁酵母）。RAPD-PCR方法被证明是鉴定狭义酿酒酵母菌株的快速可靠工具，并且还能进行种内分化。mtDNA的限制性分析能够区分酿酒酵母和巴氏酵母物种，并识别酿酒酵母分离株之间的多态性。通过对二次发酵产物进行气相色谱分析，探索了分离株表型多样性的评估。大多数菌株产生少量异丁醇，一些具有Gal-和Mel-表型的酿酒酵母菌株产生的量更高；所有巴氏酵母菌株产生的支链醇量都很低。从这项研究看来，每个酒庄都拥有特定的菌株，这些菌株具有不同的遗传和生化特性，是在阿玛罗尼葡萄酒酿造过程中，在高糖含量和低温条件下由特定环境压力选择出来的。
