Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str.15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Mar;82-83:64-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.021. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
The development of therapeutic treatments to regenerate urothelium, manufacture tissue equivalents or neourethras for in-vivo application is a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Many studies have focused on urethral defects that, in most cases, inadequately address current therapies. This article reviews the primary tissue engineering strategies aimed at the clinical requirements for urothelium regeneration while concentrating on promising investigations in the use of grafts, cellular preparations, as well as seeded or unseeded natural and synthetic materials. Despite significant progress being made in the development of scaffolds and matrices, buccal mucosa transplants have not been replaced. Recently, graft tissues appear to have an advantage over the use of matrices. These therapies depend on cell isolation and propagation in vitro that require, not only substantial laboratory resources, but also subsequent surgical implant procedures. The choice of the correct cell source is crucial when determining an in-vivo application because of the risks of tissue changes and abnormalities that may result in donor site morbidity. Addressing an appropriately-designed animal model and relevant regulatory issues is of fundamental importance for the principal investigators when a therapy using cellular components has been developed for clinical use.
开发治疗方法以再生尿路上皮、制造组织等效物或用于体内应用的新尿道是组织工程领域的一个重大挑战。许多研究都集中在尿道缺陷上，而这些缺陷在大多数情况下都不能满足当前的治疗方法。本文回顾了主要的组织工程策略，这些策略旨在满足尿路上皮再生的临床需求，同时集中探讨了在使用移植物、细胞制剂以及接种或未接种的天然和合成材料方面有前途的研究。尽管在支架和基质的开发方面取得了重大进展，但颊黏膜移植尚未被取代。最近，移植物组织似乎比使用基质更有优势。这些治疗方法依赖于细胞的体外分离和增殖，这不仅需要大量的实验室资源，还需要随后的外科植入程序。当使用细胞成分的治疗方法被开发用于临床应用时，选择正确的细胞来源对于主要研究者来说至关重要，因为这可能会导致组织变化和异常，从而导致供体部位发病率增加。当使用细胞成分的治疗方法被开发用于临床应用时，适当设计的动物模型和相关监管问题的解决对于主要研究者来说至关重要。
