Matthews W A, Sumner D A
University of California Agricultural Issues Center
University of California Agricultural Issues Center Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis 95616.
Poult Sci. 2015 Mar;94(3):552-7. doi: 10.3382/ps/peu011. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
This article reports the first publicly available egg production costs compared across 3 hen-housing systems. We collected detailed data from 2 flock cycles from a commercial egg farm operating a conventional barn, an aviary, and an enriched colony system at the same location. The farm employed the same operational and accounting procedures for each housing system. Results provide clear evidence that egg production costs are much higher for the aviary system than the other 2 housing systems. Feed costs per dozen eggs are somewhat higher for the aviary and lower for the enriched house compared with the conventional house. Labor costs are much lower for the conventional house than the other 2, and pullet costs are much higher for the aviary. Energy and miscellaneous costs are a minimal part of total operating costs and do not differ by housing system. Total capital investments per hen-capacity are much higher for the aviary and the enriched house. Capital costs per dozen eggs depend on assumptions about appropriate interest and depreciation rates. Using the same 10% rate for each housing system shows capital costs per dozen for the aviary and the enriched housing system are much higher than capital costs per dozen for the conventional house. The aviary has average operating costs (feed, labor, pullet, energy, and miscellaneous costs that recur for each flock and vary with egg production) about 23% higher and average total costs about 36% higher compared with the conventional house. The enriched housing system has average operating costs only about 4% higher compared with the conventional house, but average total costs are 13% higher than for the conventional house.
本文报告了首次公开的、对三种母鸡饲养系统的鸡蛋生产成本进行比较的情况。我们从同一地点一家经营传统鸡舍、开放式鸡舍和富集笼养系统的商业蛋鸡场的两个鸡群饲养周期中收集了详细数据。该农场对每个饲养系统采用相同的运营和会计程序。结果提供了明确证据，表明开放式鸡舍系统的鸡蛋生产成本远高于其他两种饲养系统。与传统鸡舍相比，开放式鸡舍每打鸡蛋的饲料成本略高，而富集鸡舍的饲料成本较低。传统鸡舍的劳动力成本远低于其他两种鸡舍，而开放式鸡舍的雏鸡成本则高得多。能源和杂项成本在总运营成本中占比极小，且不因饲养系统而异。每母鸡饲养量的总资本投资，开放式鸡舍和富集鸡舍要高得多。每打鸡蛋的资本成本取决于对适当利率和折旧率的假设。对每个饲养系统都采用相同的10%的利率，结果表明开放式鸡舍和富集鸡舍系统每打鸡蛋的资本成本远高于传统鸡舍每打鸡蛋的资本成本。与传统鸡舍相比，开放式鸡舍的平均运营成本（每个鸡群都会重复出现且随产蛋量变化的饲料、劳动力、雏鸡、能源和杂项成本）高出约23%，平均总成本高出约36%。富集笼养系统的平均运营成本仅比传统鸡舍高出约4%，但平均总成本比传统鸡舍高出13%。
