Wyse Jessica Jb, Harding David J, Morenoff Jeffrey D
University of Michigan.
University of California at Berkeley.
Sociol Forum (Randolph N J). 2014 Jun 1;29(2):365-385. doi: 10.1111/socf.12088.
In dominant theories of criminal desistance, marital relationship formation is understood to be a key "turning point" away from deviant behavior. Empirical studies supporting this claim have largely focused on the positive role of marriage in men's desistance from crime, and relatively few studies have examined the role that non-marital relationships may play in desistance. Drawing on 138 longitudinal in-depth interviews with 22 men and women reentering society from prison, this paper extends the scope of desistance research by additionally considering the significance of more fleeting and fluid relationships, and the diverse processes through which romantic relationships of all sorts are linked with criminal behaviors. We present an empirically-based typology detailing six processes, grouped within three conceptual categories, through which romantic relationships had their effects. These pathways include material circumstances, social bonds and interactions, and emotional supports and stressors. We also consider gender differences in these processes. While more tenuous bonds to marginally conventional partners would seem to exert little effect, as one of the few relationships and social roles available to many former prisoners, we found that they wielded important influence, if not always in a positive direction.
在主流的犯罪停止理论中，婚姻关系的形成被视为远离越轨行为的关键“转折点”。支持这一观点的实证研究主要聚焦于婚姻在男性停止犯罪方面的积极作用，而相对较少有研究考察非婚姻关系在犯罪停止中可能发挥的作用。本文基于对22名从监狱重新回归社会的男性和女性进行的138次纵向深入访谈，通过额外考虑更为短暂和不稳定的关系的重要性，以及各类浪漫关系与犯罪行为相联系的不同过程，扩展了犯罪停止研究的范围。我们提出了一种基于实证的类型学，详细阐述了六个过程，这些过程分为三个概念类别，浪漫关系通过这些过程产生影响。这些途径包括物质环境、社会联系与互动，以及情感支持与压力源。我们还考虑了这些过程中的性别差异。虽然与边缘传统伴侣的关系较为薄弱似乎影响不大，但作为许多 former prisoners 可获得的少数关系和社会角色之一，我们发现它们发挥了重要影响，即便并不总是朝着积极的方向。 （注：原文中“former prisoners”表述有误，结合语境推测可能是“former prisoners”，意为“曾经入狱者”，暂按此翻译，若有准确原文可进一步修正。）
