Department of Management and Organizations.
Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management, University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
J Appl Psychol. 2015 Jul;100(4):1189-202. doi: 10.1037/a0038479. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
This article reports an investigation into how individuals form perceptions of overall voice behavior in group contexts. More specifically, the authors examine the effect of the proportion of group members exhibiting voice behavior in the group, the frequency of voice events in the group, and the measurement item referent (group vs. individual) on an individual's ratings of group voice behavior. In addition, the authors examine the effect that measurement item referent has on the magnitude of the relationship observed between an individual's ratings of group voice behavior and perceptions of group performance. Consistent with hypotheses, the results from 1 field study (N = 220) and 1 laboratory experiment (N = 366) indicate that: (a) When group referents were used, raters relied on the frequency of voice events (and not the proportion of group members exhibiting voice) to inform their ratings of voice behavior, whereas the opposite was true when individual-referent items were used, and (b) the magnitude of the relationship between observers' ratings of group voice behavior and their perceptions of group performance was higher when raters used group-referent, as opposed to an individual-referent, items. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for scholars interested in studying behavioral phenomena occurring in teams, groups, and work units in organizational behavior research.
本文报告了一项关于个体如何在群体环境中形成整体声音行为感知的调查。更具体地说，作者研究了群体中表现出声音行为的成员比例、群体中声音事件的频率以及测量项目的参照（群体与个体）对个体对群体声音行为的评价的影响。此外，作者还研究了测量项目参照对个体对群体声音行为的评价与对群体绩效的感知之间观察到的关系的大小的影响。与假设一致，来自 1 项现场研究（N=220）和 1 项实验室实验（N=366）的结果表明：（a）当使用群体参照时，评价者依赖声音事件的频率（而不是表现出声音行为的群体成员的比例）来告知他们对声音行为的评价，而当使用个体参照项目时则相反；（b）当评价者使用群体参照而不是个体参照项目时，观察者对群体声音行为的评价与他们对群体绩效的感知之间的关系的大小更高。作者讨论了他们的发现对组织行为研究中对团队、群体和工作单位中发生的行为现象感兴趣的学者的意义。
