Department of Psychology and Management, International School of Management and Technical University of Dortmund.
Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund.
J Appl Psychol. 2015 May;100(3):809-27. doi: 10.1037/a0038373. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Daily emotional labor can impair psychological well-being, especially when emotions have to be displayed that are not truly felt. To explain these deleterious effects of emotional labor, scholars have theorized that emotional labor can put high demands on self-control and diminishes limited regulatory resources. On the basis of this notion, we examined 2 moderators of the daily emotional labor process, namely day-specific sleep quality and individual self-control capacity. In particular, in 2 diary studies (NTOTAL = 171), we tested whether sleep quality moderates the influence of emotional dissonance (the perceived discrepancy between felt and required emotions) on daily psychological well-being (ego depletion, need for recovery, and work engagement). In addition, we examined 3-way interactions of self-control capacity, sleep quality, and emotional dissonance on indicators of day-specific psychological well-being (Study 2). Our results indicate that the negative relations of day-specific emotional dissonance to all day-specific indicators of well-being are attenuated as a function of increasing day-specific sleep quality and that self-control capacity moderates this interaction. Specifically, compared with low self-control capacity, the day-specific interaction of emotional dissonance and sleep quality was more pronounced when trait self-control was high. For those with low trait self-control, day-specific sleep quality did not attenuate the negative relations of emotional dissonance to day-specific well-being. Implications for research on emotional labor and for intervention programs are discussed.
日常情绪劳动会损害心理健康，尤其是当需要表现出并非真实感受的情绪时。为了解释情绪劳动的这些有害影响，学者们提出，情绪劳动对自我控制能力要求较高，会消耗有限的调节资源。基于这一观点，我们考察了情绪劳动过程中的 2 个调节变量，即特定日睡眠质量和个体自我控制能力。具体来说，我们在 2 项日记研究（NTOTAL=171）中检验了睡眠质量是否调节了情绪不和谐（感受到的情绪与要求的情绪之间的差异）对日常心理健康（自我损耗、恢复需求和工作投入）的影响。此外，我们还在研究 2 中检验了自我控制能力、睡眠质量和情绪不和谐对特定日心理健康指标的 3 -way 交互作用。研究结果表明，随着特定日睡眠质量的增加，特定日情绪不和谐与所有特定日幸福感指标之间的负相关关系减弱，而自我控制能力则调节了这种交互作用。具体来说，与自我控制能力较低的个体相比，当特质自我控制能力较高时，情绪不和谐和睡眠质量的特定日交互作用更为明显。对于特质自我控制能力较低的个体来说，特定日睡眠质量并不能减轻情绪不和谐对特定日幸福感的负面影响。本文讨论了情绪劳动研究和干预计划的意义。
