Lorenceau Ellen Schenkel, Mazzucca Luis, Tisseron Serge, Pizitz Todd D
University Paris Diderot, CRPMS, Bâtiment Olympe de Gouges, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
University Paris-sud 11, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Women Birth. 2015 Jun;28(2):154-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
Traditional and gestational surrogate mothers assist infertile couples by carrying their children. In 2005, a meta-analysis on surrogacy was conducted but no study had examined empathy and maternal-foetal attachment of surrogate mothers. Assessments of surrogate mothers show no sign of psychopathology, but one study showed differences on several MMPI-2 scales compared to a normative sample: surrogate mothers identified with stereotypically masculine traits such as assertiveness and competition. They had a higher self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety and depression.
To determine if there is a difference in empathy and maternal-foetal attachment of surrogate mothers compared to a comparison group of mothers.
Three groups of European traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n=10), Anglo-Saxon traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n=34) and a European normative sample of mothers (n=32) completed four published psychometric instruments: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy index), the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale and the MC20, a social desirability scale. Pregnant surrogate mothers filled the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (n=11). Statistical non-parametric analyses of variance were conducted.
Depending on cultural background, surrogate mothers present differences in terms of empathy, anxiety and depression, social desirability and quality of attachment to the foetus compared to a normative sample.
Environment plays a role for traditional and gestational surrogacy. Surrogate mothers of both groups are less anxious and depressed than normative samples. Maternal-foetal attachment is strong with a slightly lower quality of attachment. Surrogate mother's empathy indexes are similar to normative samples, sometimes higher.
传统代孕母亲和妊娠代孕母亲通过孕育孩子来帮助不孕夫妇。2005年进行了一项关于代孕的荟萃分析，但没有研究考察代孕母亲的同理心和母婴依恋情况。对代孕母亲的评估未显示出精神病理学迹象，但一项研究表明，与正常样本相比，她们在明尼苏达多相人格测验第二版（MMPI - 2）的几个量表上存在差异：代孕母亲表现出如自信和竞争等典型男性化特征。她们自尊心更强，焦虑和抑郁水平更低。
确定与母亲对照组相比，代孕母亲在同理心和母婴依恋方面是否存在差异。
三组欧洲传统代孕母亲和妊娠代孕母亲（n = 10）、盎格鲁 - 撒克逊传统代孕母亲和妊娠代孕母亲（n = 34）以及一组欧洲母亲正常样本（n = 32）完成了四项已发表的心理测量工具：人际反应指数（同理心指数）、医院焦虑抑郁量表和社会赞许性量表MC20。孕代孕母亲填写了产前母婴依恋量表（n = 11）。进行了统计非参数方差分析。
根据文化背景，与正常样本相比，代孕母亲在同理心、焦虑和抑郁、社会赞许性以及对胎儿的依恋质量方面存在差异。
环境对传统代孕和妊娠代孕有影响。两组代孕母亲的焦虑和抑郁程度均低于正常样本。母婴依恋强烈，但依恋质量略低。代孕母亲的同理心指数与正常样本相似，有时更高。
