Santos-Beneit Gloria, Sotos-Prieto Mercedes, Pocock Stuart, Redondo Juliana, Fuster Valentín, Peñalvo José L
Área de Epidemiología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Fundación SHE, Barcelona, Spain.
Área de Epidemiología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Fundación SHE, Barcelona, Spain.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2015 Jun;68(6):477-84. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Dec 6.
Program SI! is a multi-level, school-based intervention for the promotion of cardiovascular health from early childhood. The aim of this paper is to characterize the prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure in the preschoolers enrolled in the study, and to compare various criteria for classifying obesity.
The study was a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial including 24 state schools in Madrid (Spain). Weight, height, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in 2011 children (1009 boys and 1002 girls) aged 3 to 5 years (3.7 [0.9]). Body mass index and blood pressure were classified by corresponding task force criteria. Obesity was studied by 6 different criteria. Associations of body mass index, body weight, body fat, and waist circumference on blood pressure were examined, and the risk of high blood pressure in relation to tertiles of body mass index was calculated.
The prevalence of obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force varied from 2% at age 3 to 8% at age 5, and the overall prevalence of high blood pressure (≥ 90th percentile) was 20%. Sex- and age-specific criteria for obesity showed better agreement with the reference than a single generalized cutoff. The risk of high blood pressure was higher for the highest tertile of body mass index distribution.
The highest prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure was found among older children. The classification of obesity in children was more accurate using sex- and age-specific cutoffs.
SI! 项目是一项基于学校的多层次干预措施，旨在从幼儿期促进心血管健康。本文旨在描述参与该研究的学龄前儿童肥胖和高血压的患病率，并比较肥胖分类的各种标准。
该研究是一项整群随机对照干预试验，纳入了西班牙马德里的24所公立学校。对2011名3至5岁（平均3.7 [0.9]岁）的儿童（1009名男孩和1002名女孩）测量了体重、身高、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度、腰围以及收缩压和舒张压。根据相应的工作组标准对体重指数和血压进行分类。采用6种不同标准研究肥胖情况。检查了体重指数、体重、体脂和腰围与血压之间的关联，并计算了与体重指数三分位数相关的高血压风险。
根据国际肥胖特别工作组的标准，肥胖患病率从3岁时的2% 到5岁时的8%不等，高血压（≥第90百分位数）的总体患病率为20%。肥胖的性别和年龄特异性标准与参考标准的一致性优于单一的通用临界值。体重指数分布最高三分位数的高血压风险更高。
年龄较大的儿童中肥胖和高血压的患病率最高。使用性别和年龄特异性临界值对儿童肥胖进行分类更为准确。
