Pedersen Mikkel Winther, Overballe-Petersen Søren, Ermini Luca, Sarkissian Clio Der, Haile James, Hellstrom Micaela, Spens Johan, Thomsen Philip Francis, Bohmann Kristine, Cappellini Enrico, Schnell Ida Bærholm, Wales Nathan A, Carøe Christian, Campos Paula F, Schmidt Astrid M Z, Gilbert M Thomas P, Hansen Anders J, Orlando Ludovic, Willerslev Eske
Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark.
Centre for GeoGenetics, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Oester Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen C 1350, Denmark Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jan 19;370(1660):20130383. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0383.
DNA obtained from environmental samples such as sediments, ice or water (environmental DNA, eDNA), represents an important source of information on past and present biodiversity. It has revealed an ancient forest in Greenland, extended by several thousand years the survival dates for mainland woolly mammoth in Alaska, and pushed back the dates for spruce survival in Scandinavian ice-free refugia during the last glaciation. More recently, eDNA was used to uncover the past 50 000 years of vegetation history in the Arctic, revealing massive vegetation turnover at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, with implications for the extinction of megafauna. Furthermore, eDNA can reflect the biodiversity of extant flora and fauna, both qualitatively and quantitatively, allowing detection of rare species. As such, trace studies of plant and vertebrate DNA in the environment have revolutionized our knowledge of biogeography. However, the approach remains marred by biases related to DNA behaviour in environmental settings, incomplete reference databases and false positive results due to contamination. We provide a review of the field.
从沉积物、冰或水等环境样本中获取的DNA（环境DNA，eDNA），是有关过去和当前生物多样性的重要信息来源。它揭示了格陵兰的一片古老森林，将阿拉斯加大陆长毛猛犸象的存活日期延长了数千年，并将斯堪的纳维亚无冰避难所在末次冰期期间云杉的存活日期往前推。最近，eDNA被用于揭示北极过去5万年的植被历史，揭示了更新世/全新世过渡时期大规模的植被更替，这对巨型动物的灭绝具有启示意义。此外，eDNA可以定性和定量地反映现存动植物的生物多样性，从而能够检测到稀有物种。因此，对环境中植物和脊椎动物DNA的追踪研究彻底改变了我们对生物地理学的认识。然而，该方法仍然受到与环境中DNA行为相关的偏差、不完整的参考数据库以及污染导致的假阳性结果的影响。我们对该领域进行了综述。
