Reynolds Ashley, Keough Matthew T, O'Connor Roisin M
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2015 Mar;42:222-6. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.027. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
Mindfulness encompasses four core skills: observing, describing, acting with awareness, and accepting without judgment; which aim to increase one's awareness, tolerance, and acceptance of internal experiences (Baer et al., 2004). Despite promising clinical results that mindfulness reduces alcohol craving and relapse, complementary etiological research is underdeveloped. Theory suggests that those who are motivated to drink to change internal states (reduce negative/increase positive affect) are at risk for elevated alcohol use. The ability to accept one's affective state should preclude internally-motivated drinking, and thus, elevated alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to parse out which mindfulness skills are central to alcohol use. We hypothesized that accepting without judgment would be a unique negative predictor of internally-motivated drinking (drinking for coping and enhancement motives) and alcohol use. Students (N=76) completed self-report measures of past month alcohol use and four motives for drinking: to cope, for enhancement, to conform, and for social reasons. Partially supporting our hypotheses, accepting without judgment was negatively associated with drinking for coping motives, but was unassociated with drinking for enhancement motives. Interestingly, acceptance without judgment was negatively associated with drinking for conformity motives (to reduce social rejection). Unexpectedly, acting with awareness, but not accepting without judgment, was a negative predictor of alcohol use. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing coping- and conformity-motivated drinking and alcohol use by young adults may benefit from incorporating mindfulness skills training (i.e., accepting without judgment; acting with awareness).
观察、描述、有意识地行动以及不加评判地接纳；其目的在于提高个体对内在体验的觉察、容忍度和接纳度（Baer等人，2004年）。尽管有前景良好的临床研究结果表明正念可减少酒精渴望和复发，但互补的病因学研究仍不充分。理论表明，那些出于改变内在状态（减少负面情绪/增加正面情绪）而饮酒的人存在酒精使用量增加的风险。接纳自身情感状态的能力应能排除内在动机驱动的饮酒行为，进而减少酒精使用量。本研究的目的是剖析哪些正念技能对酒精使用至关重要。我们假设不加评判地接纳将是内在动机驱动饮酒（为应对和增强动机而饮酒）及酒精使用的独特负向预测因子。学生（N = 76）完成了关于过去一个月酒精使用情况的自我报告测量以及四种饮酒动机的测量：为应对、为增强、为从众以及社交原因。部分支持了我们的假设，不加评判地接纳与为应对动机而饮酒呈负相关，但与为增强动机而饮酒无关。有趣的是，不加评判地接纳与为从众动机而饮酒（为减少社会排斥）呈负相关。出乎意料的是，有意识地行动而非不加评判地接纳，是酒精使用的负向预测因子。我们的研究结果表明，旨在减少年轻人因应对和从众动机而饮酒及酒精使用的干预措施，可能受益于纳入正念技能训练（即不加评判地接纳；有意识地行动）。
