Lindgren Kristen P, Neighbors Clayton, Wiers Reinout W, Gasser Melissa L, Teachman Bethany A
University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204-5522, USA.
Addict Behav. 2015 Apr;43:33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
Implicit drinking identity (i.e., cognitive associations between the self and drinking) is a reliable predictor of drinking. However, whether implicit drinking identity might mediate the relationship between other robust predictors of drinking and drinking outcomes is unknown. We hypothesized that implicit drinking would mediate the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol consumption and craving.
We assessed drinking motives at Time 1, implicit drinking identity at Time 2 (on average, 11 days later) and self-reported alcohol consumption and craving at Time 3 (on average, 6 days later) in a sample of 194 US undergraduates (54% women) who reported at least one heavy drinking episode (4 drinks for women, 5 for men) in the past month. Participants completed self-report measures of drinking motives, daily alcohol consumption, and current craving.
Implicit drinking identity uniquely mediated the relationship between social motives and alcohol consumption. It did not, however, mediate the relationship between motives and craving. Time 2 implicit drinking identity was positively associated with greater alcohol consumption and craving at Time 3, even after controlling for drinking motives. Subsequent analyses indicated significant indirect effects between social, enhancement, and coping motives (but not conformity) and consumption and craving when each motive was evaluated individually.
Implicit drinking identity continues to have promise as a predictor of drinking outcomes and as a target for interventions. Future experimental and prospective studies will be critical to establish the circumstances under which implicit drinking identity is strengthened and/or activated and the resulting effects on hazardous drinking.
内隐饮酒身份（即自我与饮酒之间的认知关联）是饮酒行为的可靠预测指标。然而，内隐饮酒身份是否可能介导饮酒的其他有力预测因素与饮酒结果之间的关系尚不清楚。我们假设内隐饮酒身份会介导饮酒动机与酒精消费及渴望之间的关系。
我们对194名美国本科生（54%为女性）进行了研究，这些学生在过去一个月中至少有一次重度饮酒经历（女性4杯，男性5杯）。在第1时间点评估饮酒动机，在第2时间点（平均11天后）评估内隐饮酒身份，在第3时间点（平均6天后）评估自我报告的酒精消费和渴望程度。参与者完成了关于饮酒动机、每日酒精消费和当前渴望程度的自我报告测量。
内隐饮酒身份独特地介导了社交动机与酒精消费之间的关系。然而，它并未介导动机与渴望之间的关系。即使在控制了饮酒动机之后，第2时间点的内隐饮酒身份与第3时间点更高的酒精消费和渴望程度呈正相关。后续分析表明，当分别评估每种动机时，社交、增强和应对动机（但不包括从众动机）与消费和渴望之间存在显著的间接效应。
内隐饮酒身份作为饮酒结果的预测指标和干预目标仍具有前景。未来的实验性和前瞻性研究对于确定内隐饮酒身份得到强化和/或激活的情况以及对危险饮酒产生的影响至关重要。
