Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 410 Gould Hall, Box 355740, Seattle, WA 98195-5740, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2015 Feb;30(2):114-26. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
A great challenge for ecology in the coming decades is to understand the role humans play in eco-evolutionary dynamics. If, as emerging evidence shows, rapid evolutionary change affects ecosystem functioning and stability, current rapid environmental change and its evolutionary effects might have significant implications for ecological and human wellbeing on a relatively short time scale. Humans are major selective agents with potential for unprecedented evolutionary consequences for Earth's ecosystems, especially as cities expand rapidly. In this review, I identify emerging hypotheses on how urbanization drives eco-evolutionary dynamics. Studying how human-driven micro-evolutionary changes interact with ecological processes offers us the chance to advance our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedbacks and will provide new insights for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long term.
未来几十年，生态学面临的一大挑战是理解人类在生态进化动力学中所扮演的角色。如果正如新出现的证据所表明的那样，快速的进化变化会影响生态系统的功能和稳定性，那么当前快速的环境变化及其进化效应可能会在相对较短的时间内对生态和人类福祉产生重大影响。人类是主要的选择因素，有可能给地球的生态系统带来前所未有的进化后果，尤其是随着城市的迅速扩张。在这篇综述中，我确定了一些关于城市化如何驱动生态进化动力学的新兴假说。研究人类驱动的微观进化变化如何与生态过程相互作用，为我们提供了一个机会，使我们能够加深对生态进化反馈的理解，并为长期维护生物多样性和生态系统功能提供新的见解。
