Zeng Xiang, Zhang Zhao, Li Xi, Zhang Xiaobo, Cao Junwei, Jebbar Mohamed, Alain Karine, Shao Zongze
Xiamen State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2015 Feb;65(Pt 2):710-715. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.068221-0. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
A novel piezophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterial strain, designated strain DY22613(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide deposit at the East Pacific Rise (GPS position: 102.6° W 3.1° S). Cells of strain DY22613(T) were long, motile rods (10 to 20 µm in length and 0.5 µm in width) with peritrichous flagella and were Gram-stain-negative. Growth was recorded at 44-72 °C (optimum 60-62 °C) and at hydrostatic pressures of 0.1-55 MPa (optimum 20 MPa). The pH range for growth was from pH 5.0 to 9.0 with an optimum at pH 7.0. Growth was observed in the presence of 1 to 8 % (w/v) sea salts and 0.65 to 5.2 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum salt concentrations at 3.5 % for sea salts and at 2.3 % for NaCl. Under optimal growth conditions, the shortest generation time observed was 27 min (60 °C, 20 MPa). Strain DY22613(T) was heterotrophic, able to utilize complex organic compounds, amino acids, sugars and organic acids including peptone, tryptone, beef extract, yeast extract, alanine, glutamine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, fructose, fucose, galactose, gentiobiose, glucose, mannose, melibiose, palatinose, rhamnose, turanose, pyruvate, lactic acid, methyl ester, erythritol, galacturonic acid and glucosaminic acid. Strain DY22613(T) was able to reduce Fe(III) compounds, including Fe(III) oxyhydroxide (pH 7.0), amorphous iron(III) oxide (pH 9.0), goethite (α-FeOOH, pH 12.0), Fe(III) citrate and elementary sulfur. Products of fermentation were butyrate, acetate and hydrogen. Main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and C14 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DY22613(T) was 36.7 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain forms a novel lineage within the class Clostridia and clusters with the order Haloanaerobiales (86.92 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The phylogenetic data suggest that the lineage represents at least a novel genus and species, for which the name Anoxybacter fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DY22613(T) ( = JCM 19466(T) = DSM 28033(T) = MCCC 1A06456(T)).
从东太平洋海隆（GPS位置：西经102.6°，南纬3.1°）的深海热液硫化物矿床中分离出一株新型嗜压、嗜热、厌氧、发酵细菌菌株，命名为DY22613(T)。DY22613(T)菌株的细胞为长的、可运动的杆状（长度为10至20 µm，宽度为0.5 µm），具周生鞭毛，革兰氏染色阴性。在44 - 72 °C（最适温度60 - 62 °C）和0.1 - 55 MPa的静水压力（最适压力20 MPa）下可生长。生长的pH范围为pH 5.0至9.0，最适pH为7.0。在1%至8%（w/v）的海盐和0.65%至5.2%（w/v）的NaCl存在下可生长，海盐的最适盐浓度为3.5%，NaCl的最适盐浓度为2.3%。在最佳生长条件下，观察到的最短世代时间为27分钟（60 °C，20 MPa）。DY22613(T)菌株为异养型，能够利用复杂有机化合物、氨基酸、糖类和有机酸，包括蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、酵母浸膏、丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、果糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖、龙胆二糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、蜜二糖、帕拉金糖、鼠李糖、松二糖、丙酮酸、乳酸、甲酯、赤藓糖醇、半乳糖醛酸和葡糖胺酸。DY22613(T)菌株能够还原铁（III）化合物，包括氢氧化铁（III）（pH 7.0）、无定形氧化铁（III）（pH 9.0）、针铁矿（α - FeOOH，pH 12.0）、柠檬酸铁（III）和单质硫。发酵产物为丁酸、乙酸和氢气。主要细胞脂肪酸为异C15 : 0、异C14 : 0 3 - OH和C14 : 0。DY22613(T)菌株的基因组DNA G + C含量为36.7 mol%。基于16S rRNA基因序列分析，该菌株在梭菌纲内形成一个新的谱系，并与嗜盐厌氧菌目聚类（16S rRNA基因序列相似性为86.92%）。系统发育数据表明，该谱系至少代表一个新的属和种，为此提出新属名发酵厌氧杆菌属（Anoxybacter）、新种名发酵厌氧杆菌（Anoxybacter fermentans）。模式菌株为DY22613(T)（= JCM 19466(T)= DSM 28033(T)= MCCC 1A06456(T)）。
