Espinoza Janyra A, Bohmwald Karen, Céspedes Pablo F, Riedel Claudia A, Bueno Susan M, Kalergis Alexis M
a Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile.
Virulence. 2014;5(7):740-51. doi: 10.4161/viru.32225.
Globally, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and children younger than 2 years old. Furthermore, the number of hospitalizations due to LRTIs has shown a sustained increase every year due to the lack of effective vaccines against hRSV. Thus, this virus remains as a major public health and economic burden worldwide. The lung pathology developed in hRSV-infected humans is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory and Th2 immune response. In order to rationally design new vaccines and therapies against this virus, several studies have focused in elucidating the interactions between hRSV virulence factors and the host immune system. Here, we discuss the main features of hRSV biology, the processes involved in virus recognition by the immune system and the most relevant mechanisms used by this pathogen to avoid the antiviral host response.
在全球范围内，人类呼吸道合胞病毒（hRSV）是2岁以下婴幼儿下呼吸道感染（LRTIs）的主要病因。此外，由于缺乏针对hRSV的有效疫苗，因LRTIs导致的住院人数每年持续增加。因此，这种病毒仍然是全球主要的公共卫生和经济负担。hRSV感染人类后所产生的肺部病理特征为炎症反应和Th2免疫反应加剧。为了合理设计针对这种病毒的新疫苗和疗法，多项研究聚焦于阐明hRSV毒力因子与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用。在此，我们讨论hRSV生物学的主要特征、免疫系统识别病毒所涉及的过程以及该病原体用于逃避宿主抗病毒反应的最相关机制。
