School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Virology Division, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Med Virol. 2013 Dec;85(12):2151-9. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23698. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Aerosol transmission routes of respiratory viruses have been classified by the WHO on the basis of equilibrium particle size. Droplet transmission is associated with particles sized >5 µm in diameter and airborne transmission is associated with particles sized ≤5 µm in diameter. Current infection control measures for respiratory viruses are directed at preventing droplet transmission, although epidemiological evidence suggests concurrent airborne transmission also occurs. Understanding the size of particles carrying viruses can be used to inform infection control procedures and therefore reduce virus transmission. This study determined the size of particles carrying respiratory viral RNA produced on coughing and breathing by 12 adults and 41 children with symptomatic respiratory infections. A modified six-stage Andersen Sampler collected expelled particles. Each stage was washed to recover samples for viral RNA extraction. Influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus and human rhinoviruses (hRV) were detected using RT-PCR. On breathing, 58% of participants produced large particles (>5 µm) containing viral RNA and 80% produced small particles (≤5 µm) carrying viral RNA. On coughing, 57% of participants produced large particles containing viral RNA and 82% produced small particles containing viral RNA. Forty five percent of participants produced samples positive for hRV viral RNA and 26% of participants produced samples positive for viral RNA from parainfluenza viruses. This study demonstrates that individuals with symptomatic respiratory viral infections produce both large and small particles carrying viral RNA on coughing and breathing.
世卫组织根据平衡粒径对呼吸道病毒的气溶胶传播途径进行了分类。飞沫传播与直径>5μm 的颗粒有关，而空气传播与直径≤5μm 的颗粒有关。目前针对呼吸道病毒的感染控制措施旨在防止飞沫传播，尽管流行病学证据表明同时也存在空气传播。了解携带病毒的颗粒大小可以用于告知感染控制程序，从而减少病毒传播。本研究确定了 12 名成人和 41 名有症状呼吸道感染儿童咳嗽和呼吸时携带呼吸道病毒 RNA 的颗粒大小。改良的六级安德森采样器收集呼出的颗粒。每个阶段都经过洗涤以回收用于病毒 RNA 提取的样本。使用 RT-PCR 检测甲型和乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒 1、2 和 3、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、人偏肺病毒和人鼻病毒（hRV）。在呼吸时，58%的参与者产生含有病毒 RNA 的大颗粒（>5μm），80%的参与者产生携带病毒 RNA 的小颗粒（≤5μm）。咳嗽时，57%的参与者产生含有病毒 RNA 的大颗粒，82%的参与者产生含有病毒 RNA 的小颗粒。45%的参与者产生 hRV 病毒 RNA 阳性样本，26%的参与者产生副流感病毒 RNA 阳性样本。本研究表明，有症状呼吸道病毒感染的个体在咳嗽和呼吸时会产生携带病毒 RNA 的大颗粒和小颗粒。
