Serour G I
J Med Ethics. 2015 Jan;41(1):121-4. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102301.
Good medical ethics should aim at ensuring that all human beings enjoy the highest attainable standard of health. With the development of medical technology and health services, it became necessary to expand the four basic principles of medical ethics and link them to human rights. Despite the claim of the universality of those ethical principles, their perception and application in healthcare services are inevitably influenced by the religious background of the societies in which those services are provided. This paper highlights the methodology and principles employed by Muslim jurists in deriving rulings in the field of medical ethics, and it explains how ethical principles are interpreted through the lens of Islamic theory. The author explains how, as a Muslim obstetrician-gynaecologist with a special interest in medical ethics, including international consideration of reproductive ethics issues, he attempts to 'practise good medical ethics' by applying internationally accepted ethical principles in various healthcare contexts, in ways that are consistent with Islamic principles, and he identifies the evidence supporting his approach. He argues that healthcare providers have a right to respect for their conscientious convictions regarding both undertaking and not undertaking the delivery of lawful procedures. However, he also argues that withholding evidence-based medical services based on the conscientious objection of the healthcare provider is unethical as patients have the right to be referred to services providing such treatment.
良好的医学伦理应以确保所有人享有能达到的最高健康标准为目标。随着医疗技术和卫生服务的发展，有必要扩展医学伦理的四项基本原则并将它们与人权联系起来。尽管这些伦理原则声称具有普遍性，但它们在医疗服务中的认知和应用不可避免地受到提供这些服务的社会宗教背景的影响。本文着重介绍了穆斯林法学家在推导医学伦理领域裁决时所采用的方法和原则，并解释了如何通过伊斯兰理论的视角来解读伦理原则。作者解释了作为一名对医学伦理，包括国际上对生殖伦理问题的考量有着特殊兴趣的穆斯林妇产科医生，他如何试图通过在各种医疗环境中以符合伊斯兰原则的方式应用国际公认的伦理原则来“践行良好的医学伦理”，并指出了支持其方法的证据。他认为医疗服务提供者有权在进行或不进行合法程序方面尊重其出于良心的信念。然而，他也认为，基于医疗服务提供者出于良心的反对而拒绝提供循证医学服务是不道德的，因为患者有权被转介到提供此类治疗的服务机构。
