Verocai Guilherme G, Kutz Susan J, Simard Manon, Hoberg Eric P
Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative - Alberta Node, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Dec 17;7:556. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0556-9.
A putative new species of Varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild North American ungulates based on the ITS-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. No taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined.
Lungworm specimens were collected in the terminal bronchioles of muskoxen from Quebec, and a woodland caribou from central Alberta, Canada. The L3 stage was recovered from experimentally infected slugs (Deroceras spp.). Description of specimens was based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identity was determined by PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, and compared to other protostrongylids.
Varestrongylus eleguneniensis sp. n. is established for a recently discovered protostrongylid nematode found in caribou (Rangifer tarandus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and moose (Alces americanus); hosts that collectively occupy an extensive geographic range across northern North America. Adults of Varestrongylus eleguneniensis are distinguished from congeners by a combination of characters in males (distally bifurcate gubernaculum, relatively short equal spicules not split distally, a strongly elongate and bifurcate dorsal ray, and an undivided copulatory bursa) and females (reduced provagina with hood-like fold extending ventrally across prominent genital protuberance). Third-stage larvae resemble those found among other species in the genus. The genus Varestrongylus is emended to account for the structure of the dorsal ray characteristic of V. eleguneniensis, V. alpenae, V. alces and V. longispiculatus.
Herein we describe and name V. eleguneniensis, a pulmonary protostrongylid with Rangifer tarandus as a primary definitive host, and which secondarily infects muskoxen and moose in areas of sympatry. Biogeographic history for V. eleguneniensis and V. alpenae, the only two endemic species of Varestrongylus known from North America, appears consistent with independent events of geographic expansion with cervid hosts from Eurasia into North America during the late Pliocene and Quaternary.
在一项广泛的地理调查中，基于从粪便中分离出的幼虫的ITS-2序列，最近在野生北美有蹄类动物中发现了一种假定的新瓦雷圆线虫物种。由于未检查成虫标本，因此未提供分类学描述。
从加拿大魁北克的麝牛和加拿大艾伯塔省中部的林地驯鹿的终末细支气管中收集肺线虫标本。从实验感染的蛞蝓（Deroceras属）中获得L3期幼虫。标本描述基于比较形态学和综合方法。通过对核糖体DNA的ITS-2区域进行PCR和测序来确定分子身份，并与其他原圆线虫进行比较。
建立了优雅瓦雷圆线虫新种（Varestrongylus eleguneniensis sp. n.），该种是最近在驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）、麝牛（Ovibos moschatus）和驼鹿（Alces americanus）中发现的一种原圆线虫；这些宿主共同占据了北美北部广泛的地理范围。优雅瓦雷圆线虫的成虫在雄性特征（远端分叉的引带、相对较短且等长的交合刺在远端不分开、强烈延长且分叉的背肋以及未分开的交合伞）和雌性特征（阴道前部缩小，有帽状褶皱向腹侧延伸穿过突出的生殖突起）的组合上与同属其他物种不同。第三期幼虫与该属其他物种中的幼虫相似。对瓦雷圆线虫属进行了修订，以解释优雅瓦雷圆线虫、阿尔佩纳瓦雷圆线虫（V. alpenae）、驼鹿瓦雷圆线虫（V. alces）和长交合刺瓦雷圆线虫（V. longispiculatus）特有的背肋结构。
在此我们描述并命名了优雅瓦雷圆线虫，这是一种以驯鹿为主要终末宿主的肺原圆线虫，在同域分布地区还会继发感染麝牛和驼鹿。优雅瓦雷圆线虫和阿尔佩纳瓦雷圆线虫是北美已知的仅有的两种地方特有瓦雷圆线虫物种，它们的生物地理历史似乎与上新世晚期和第四纪期间鹿类宿主从欧亚大陆向北美独立的地理扩张事件一致。
