How I do it: Martius flap for rectovaginal fistulas.

Rectovaginal fistulas present a difficult problem that is frustrating for patients and surgeons alike. Surgical options range from collagen plugs and endorectal advancement flaps to sphincter repairs or resection with coloanal reconstruction. For recurrent or complex rectovaginal fistulas, especially in the setting of prior radiation, Crohn's disease, or large wounds, bringing in healthy tissue into the space provides an excellent opportunity for improved results. The bulbocavernosus muscle and its surrounding vascularized tissue pedicle, first described by Martius in 1928, is an excellent option for fistula closure. Surgeons caring for these patients should be aware of this technique and have it as one method in their operative armamentarium when faced with these challenging cases.