Akhtar Nameera, Gernsbacher Morton Ann
University of California, Santa Cruz.
University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Child Dev Perspect. 2008 Aug;2(2):59-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00044.x.
Theories of early social-cognitive development privilege infants' use of gaze as a cue to others' attention and intentions. Mutual gaze is assumed to indicate social engagement, gaze following is believed to index understanding of others' attention, and gaze alternation (between an object and a caregiver) is used to assess joint attention. This article discusses other cues (e.g., vocal and postural) on which children in other cultures and atypically developing children in Western cultures probably rely. It proposes that it is quite likely that typically developing children in Western cultures also use nongaze cues-in conjunction with gaze-in their everyday interactions with others.
早期社会认知发展理论认为婴儿将目光作为他人注意力和意图的线索具有重要意义。相互凝视被认为表明了社会参与，目光追随被认为是对他人注意力理解的指标，而（在物体和照顾者之间的）目光交替则被用于评估共同注意力。本文讨论了其他线索（如声音和姿势），其他文化中的儿童以及西方文化中发育异常的儿童可能依赖这些线索。文章提出，西方文化中发育正常的儿童在与他人的日常互动中很可能也会结合目光使用非目光线索。
