Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, U.S.A.
Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2016 Feb;91(1):235-54. doi: 10.1111/brv.12167. Epub 2014 Dec 17.
The purpose of this article is to provide an ultimate tectonic explanation for several well-studied zoogeographic boundaries along the west coast of North America, specifically, along the boundary of the North American and Pacific plates (the San Andreas Fault system). By reviewing 177 references from the plate tectonics and zoogeography literature, I demonstrate that four Great Pacific Fracture Zones (GPFZs) in the Pacific plate correspond with distributional limits and spatially concordant phylogeographic breaks for a wide variety of marine and terrestrial animals, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. These boundaries are: (1) Cape Mendocino and the North Coast Divide, (2) Point Conception and the Transverse Ranges, (3) Punta Eugenia and the Vizcaíno Desert, and (4) Cabo Corrientes and the Sierra Transvolcanica. However, discussion of the GPFZs is mostly absent from the zoogeography and phylogeography literature likely due to a disconnect between biologists and geologists. I argue that the four zoogeographic boundaries reviewed here ultimately originated via the same geological process (triple junction evolution). Finally, I suggest how a comparative phylogeographic approach can be used to test the hypothesis presented here.
本文的目的是为沿北美洲西海岸的几个经过充分研究的动物地理边界提供一个最终的构造解释，特别是在北美板块和太平洋板块的边界（圣安德烈亚斯断层系统）。通过回顾板块构造学和动物地理学文献中的 177 篇参考文献，我证明了太平洋板块中的四个大太平洋断裂带（GPFZ）与各种海洋和陆地动物的分布极限和空间一致的系统发生间断相对应，包括无脊椎动物、鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。这些边界是：（1）门多西诺角和北海岸分水岭，（2）点概念和横向山脉，（3）尤金尼亚角和比斯卡伊诺沙漠，以及（4）科里恩特斯角和跨火山山脉。然而，由于生物学家和地质学家之间的脱节，GPFZ 在动物地理学和系统发生地理学文献中的讨论大多缺失。我认为，这里回顾的四个动物地理边界最终起源于相同的地质过程（三联点演化）。最后，我提出了如何使用比较系统发生地理学方法来检验这里提出的假设。
