Borich Michael R, Brown Katlyn E, Lakhani Bimal, Boyd Lara A
Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.R.B.); and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine (K.E.B., B.L., L.A.B.), and Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine (L.A.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Neurol Phys Ther. 2015 Jan;39(1):43-51. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000072.
A wide array of neuroimaging technologies are now available that offer unprecedented opportunities to study the brain in health and disease. Each technology has associated strengths and weaknesses that need to be considered to maximize their utility, especially when used in combination. One imaging technology, electroencephalography (EEG), has been in use for more than 80 years, but as a result of recent technologic advancements EEG has received renewed interest as an inexpensive, noninvasive and versatile technique to evaluate neural activity in the brain. In part, this is due to new opportunities to combine EEG not only with other imaging modalities, but also with neurostimulation and robotics technologies. When used in combination, noninvasive brain stimulation and EEG can be used to study cause-and-effect relationships between interconnected brain regions providing new avenues to study brain function. Although many of these approaches are still in the developmental phase, there is substantial promise in their ability to deepen our understanding of brain function. The ability to capture the causal relationships between brain function and behavior in individuals with neurologic disorders or injury has important clinical implications for the development of novel biomarkers of recovery and response to therapeutic interventions. The goals of this paper are to provide an overview of the fundamental principles of EEG; discuss past, present, and future applications of EEG in the clinical management of stroke; and introduce the technique of combining EEG with a form of noninvasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, as a powerful synergistic research paradigm to characterize brain function in both health and disease.Video Abstract available (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A87) for more insights from the authors.
现在有各种各样的神经成像技术，它们为研究健康和患病大脑提供了前所未有的机会。每种技术都有其相关的优缺点，为了最大限度地发挥其效用，需要加以考虑，尤其是在联合使用时。一种成像技术，即脑电图（EEG），已经使用了80多年，但由于最近的技术进步，EEG作为一种评估大脑神经活动的廉价、非侵入性且通用的技术，重新受到了关注。部分原因在于，现在不仅有新的机会将EEG与其他成像方式相结合，还能与神经刺激和机器人技术相结合。联合使用时，非侵入性脑刺激和EEG可用于研究相互连接的脑区之间的因果关系，为研究脑功能提供了新途径。尽管其中许多方法仍处于发展阶段，但它们有很大潜力能加深我们对脑功能的理解。捕捉神经疾病或损伤个体脑功能与行为之间因果关系的能力，对于开发恢复和对治疗干预反应的新型生物标志物具有重要的临床意义。本文的目的是概述EEG的基本原理；讨论EEG在中风临床管理中的过去、现在和未来应用；并介绍将EEG与一种非侵入性脑刺激形式——经颅磁刺激相结合的技术，作为一种强大的协同研究范式，以表征健康和疾病状态下的脑功能。可获取视频摘要（见补充数字内容1，http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A87），以获取作者更多见解。
